Table 3.
Variablea | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
---|---|---|---|
SRH trajectoryb | −0.862*** | −0.626*** | −0.846*** |
SRH trajectory SSEc | −1.127*** | −0.713*** | |
Confounderd | |||
High school graduates | 3.292** | ||
Live alone | 2.613* | ||
Non-White | −3.695* | ||
Religion not very important | −2.614** | ||
Expectation (probability) of living 10 more yearse | |||
0% | −7.020*** | ||
51%–99% | 3.635** | ||
100% | 5.348** | ||
High incomef | 3.271** | ||
Ever smoked | −4.051*** | ||
CES-D scoreg | −2.129*** | ||
Diabetes | −7.268*** | ||
Hypertension | −2.809** | ||
Number of ADL limitationsh | −4.944*** | ||
Number of IADL limitationsi | −2.905** | ||
Lung disease | −11.523*** | ||
Heart condition | −7.943*** | ||
Stroke (ever had) | −4.580* | ||
Doctor visitsj | −0.373*** | ||
R2 | .0344 | .0959 | .2677 |
Notes: SRH = self-rated health; SSE = sum of squared errors; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression scale; ADL = activity of daily living; IADL = instrumental ADL.
Based on baseline (1993) responses, except for SRH trajectory, SRH change 1998–2000, and SRH trajectory SSE.
Equal to −1 times the estimate of the slope parameter from the univariate linear regression of the self-rated health values over time; a larger number represents a more negative slope or worsening SRH trend.
SSE from trajectory regression/100; represents a measure of fit of the calculated trajectory.
Confounders shown in table include only those with significant p values. In Model 3, the following nonsignificant variables are also included: religiosity; ever drunk alcohol; (ever) had cancer or hip fracture; obesity; and prior year hospital admissions and nursing home admissions. The p values for number of ADL limitations and having a heart condition were .07 and .10, respectively; for all other parameter estimates, p > .25.
Reference category = expected chance of living 10 years is 50%. The parameter estimate for the categorical variable indicating expectations of 1%–49% was not significant.
Income in top fourth or fifth quintile of all 7,447 respondents of the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old survey.
Sum of “yes” responses for 8 items from the CES-D. A higher score represents more depressive symptoms. Proxy respondents (none in analytic sample) did not answer this question.
Number of ADLs with which respondent needed help or had difficulty (range is 0 to 6).
Number of IADLs with which respondent needed help or had difficulty (range is 0 to 5).
Number of times respondent talked to a medical doctor about own health in past 12 months (prior to baseline interview).
p < .05;
p < .01;
p < .001.