Table 2 Cancer beliefs and willingness to be screened for lung cancer.

Characteristic	Never smokers	Former smokers	Current smokers	All subjects	Smokers v non‐smokers
	(n = 925)	(n = 517)	(n = 559)	(n = 2001)	Odds ratio* (95% confidence interval)
Told by doctor that he/she is at high risk of developing lung cancer (%)	0.9	4.9†	21.7†,‡,§	7.7	14.7 (9.6 to 22.5)
Belief that he/she is at risk for lung cancer (%)
Yes	2.8	7.7†	23.1†,‡,§	9.5	6.95 (4.99 to 9.67)
No	90.8	77.4†	36.2†,‡,§		0.08 (0.06 to 0.10)
Not sure	6.9	14.9†	40.8†,‡,§		7.21 (5.59 to 9.30)
Belief that early detection of lung cancer results in a good chance of surviving (%)	58.8	54.0	48.7†,§	54.7	0.65 (0.53 to 0.79)
In making decision to be screened:
Screening convenience is important (%)	28.9	32.3	29.4	30.0	1.06 (0.85 to 1.32)
Risk of disease is important (%)	87.7	80.9†	56.4†,‡,§	77.2	0.21 (0.17 to 0.27)
Screening accuracy is important (%)	92.4	86.9†	70.9†,‡,§	85.0	0.24 (0.19 to 0.32)
Screening cost is important (%)	36.1	38.3	51.5†,‡,§	41.0	1.98 (1.61 to 2.42)
Willingness to consider for cancer/pay for test/undertake follow‐up
Willingness to consider screening for lung cancer (%)	87.6	86.1	71.7†,‡,§	82.8	0.30 (0.23 to 0.39)
Willing to pay $200 for lung cancer screening test (%)	51.3	45.6†	27.5†,‡,§	43.2	0.26 (0.20 to 0.33)
Willing to pay $300 for lung cancer screening test (%)	26.9	20.3†	10.9†,‡,§	19.5	0.29 (0.20 to 0.42)
Willing to have surgery for lung cancer (%)	69.2	62.5†	50.5†,‡,§	62.2	0.39 (0.31 to 0.48)

^†p<0.05 compared with non‐smokers by t test or χ² test, as appropriate.

^‡p<0.05 compared with former smokers by t test or χ² test, as appropriate.

^§p<0.05 compared with non‐smokers, after adjusting for age in a logistic regression model.

*Odds ratios reflect comparisons between smokers and non‐smokers, and are adjusted for age in a logistic regression model.