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A upf3-Δ strain increases programmed −1 ribosomal frameshifting independently of its ability to promote stabilization of nonsense-containing transcripts. The abundance of the PGK1–LacZ −1 reporter mRNA in the different upf deletion strains was determined by RNase protection analysis. The abundance of the U3 snRNA was used as an internal control for loading. The abundance of the reporter transcript in the wild-type strain was taken arbitrarily as 1.0.
