Table 1 Summary of studies reporting postoperative sexual changes and/or symptoms of Klüver Bucy syndrome after amygdalotomy.

Reference (author, year)	Sample size (n)	Postoperative sexual change (operation type)	Description of sexual change	Postoperative KBS symptoms
Sawa (1954)90	11 5 schizophrenia, 5 epilepsy, 1 “hyperactive idiocy”	n = 2 (bilateral)	“Acceleration of sexual impulses” in the form of increased sexual innuendo in conversation	Erroneous recognition of people and objects. Abnormal oral behaviour, changes in emotional behaviour including rage reactions and placidity
Narabayashi (1963)91	60 46 epilepsy, 6 EEG abnormalities and 8 severe behavioural disturbances. 39 unilateral, 21 bilateral operations	n = 1 (not reported)	“Slight hypersexuality” lasting only a few days	Nil
Mark (1972)92	10 All had intractable TLE with uncontrollable fear or violence; 3 unilateral, 6 bilateral operations, including 1 unilateral ATL	n = 1 (bilateral)	Impotent for 2 y after surgery	Hyperphagia lasting 3 months
Kim (1972)93	63 Patients with either epilepsy or psychiatric disorders such as phobia and aggressiveness	Not reported	“Elevation of sexual libido was generally observed”	Elated mood and increased appetite were generally observed
Heimburger (1978)94	58 14 intractable seizures, 12 behavioural problems, 32 both; 43 unilateral, 15 bilateral operations	n = 3 (not reported)	Increased sex drive which lasted from a few days to a few weeks and subsided	Nil
Jacobson (1986)95	1 Chronic self‐mutilation	n = 1 (bilateral amygdalotomy and subcaudate tractotomy)	“A complete absence of sexual contact on the ward or in her personal life contrasted with her description of ‘sexual arousal' in my presence”	Disorder of facial recognition, emotional changes including placidity, hyperalertness to visual stimuli, motor stereotypies and oral behaviour

ATL, anterior temporal lobectomy; TLE, temporal lobe epilepsy.