Table 1 Proportion of patients taking each type of drug stratified by age, sex and GDS at baseline.
| Patients n (%) | Mean (SD) age (years) | Women n (%) | Mean (SD) GDS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antipsychotic drugs | ||||
| None | 190 (85) | 82.1 (6.5) | 135 (71) | 4.77 (0.92)* |
| Older antipsychotics | 7 (3) | 83.6 (7.8) | 7 (100) | 5.57 (0.79) |
| Atypical antipsychotics | 27 (12) | 82.9 (6.3) | 22 (82) | 5.26 (0.76) |
| Antidepressant drugs | ||||
| None | 170 (76) | 82.8 (6.2) | 119 (70) | 4.80 (0.90)* |
| Tricyclic drugs | 7 (3) | 84.8 (7.8) | 5 (71) | 5.71 (0.49) |
| SSRIs/tricyclic‐related drugs | 46 (21) | 80.1 (7.0) | 40 (87) | 4.89 (0.97) |
| Lithium | 1 (0.4) | 79 (—) | 0 | 6.00 (—) |
| Hypnotics and anxiolytics | ||||
| None | 194 (87) | 82.2 (6.7) | 140 (72) | 4.77 (0.92)* |
| BZD/BZD‐related drugs | 30 (13) | 82.4 (5.2) | 24 (80) | 5.40 (0.68) |
| Drugs for dementia | ||||
| None | 137 (61) | 84.2 (5.8)* | 115 (84)* | 5.10 (0.87)* |
| Achs/NMDA antagonists | 86 (38) | 79.3 (6.3) | 48 (56) | 4.47 (0.86) |
| Achs and Ginkgo biloba | 1 (0.4) | 73 (—) | 1 (100) | 4.00 (—) |
| Vitamins/antioxidants | ||||
| None | 203 (91) | 82.1 (6.5) | 146 (74) | 4.84 (0.93) |
| Vitamin E | 1 (0.4) | 73 (—) | 0 | 5.00 (—) |
| Vitamin B12 or folic acid | 20 (9) | 84.3 (6.5) | 18 (90) | 4.95 (0.83) |
| NSAIDs | ||||
| None | 155 (69) | 82.3 (6.5) | 116 (75) | 4.92 (0.92) |
| Small doses of aspirin (<325 mg/day) | 53 (24) | 82.1 (6.9) | 35 (66) | 4.64 (0.88) |
| NSAIDs | 16 (7) | 82.3 (5.0) | 13 (81) | 4.94 (1.00) |
| Antihypertensive and heart‐related drugs | ||||
| None | 132 (59) | 81.5 (7.0)* | 97 (74) | 4.78 (0.98) |
| Any | 92 (41) | 83.3 (5.5) | 67 (73) | 4.96 (0.81) |
| Drugs affecting the renin–angiotensin system | ||||
| None | 202 (90) | 82.3 (6.6) | 148 (73) | 4.85 (0.92) |
| ACE inhibitors | 20 (9) | 82.9 (5.3) | 15 (75) | 4.85 (0.99) |
| Angiotensin‐II receptor antagonists | 2 (1) | 76.5 (0.7) | 1 (50) | 5.00 (0.00) |
| Lipid‐regulating drugs | ||||
| None | 212 (95) | 82.4 (6.4) | 155 (73) | 4.87 (0.91) |
| Statins | 12 (5) | 79.5 (7.5) | 9 (75) | 4.50 (1.09) |
| Drugs with antimuscarinic effect | ||||
| None | 215 (96) | 82.4 (6.4) | 162 (75)* | 4.86 (0.91) |
| Any | 9 (4) | 79.6 (8.7) | 2 (22) | 4.67 (1.12) |
| Corticosteroids | ||||
| None | 211 (94) | 82.2 (6.6) | 153 (73) | 4.83 (0.93) |
| Inhaled or nasal application | 9 (4) | 84.2 (4.3) | 7 (78) | 5.22 (0.44) |
| Oral intake | 4 (2) | 81.3 (5.6) | 4 (100) | 5.25 (0.96) |
| Drugs for diabetes | ||||
| None | 214 (96) | 82.4 (6.5) | 158 (74) | 4.86 (0.92) |
| Oral drugs for diabetes or insulin | 10 (4) | 79.5 (7.0) | 6 (60) | 4.70 (0.82) |
| Thyroid hormones | ||||
| None | 203 (91) | 82.3 (6.4) | 146 (72) | 4.86 (0.92) |
| Any | 21 (9) | 81.9 (7.4) | 18 (86) | 4.81 (0.93) |
| Antiparkinsonian drugs | ||||
| None | 222 (99) | 82.3 (6.5) | 164 (74) | 4.85 (0.92) |
| Levodopa | 2 (1) | 75 (7.1) | 0 | 5.00 (1.41) |
| Antiepileptic drugs | ||||
| None | 220 (98) | 82.2 (6.5) | 161 (73) | 4.85 (0.92) |
| Any | 4 (2) | 84.8 (8.5) | 3 (75) | 5.00 (0.82) |
| Laxatives | ||||
| None | 198 (88) | 81.6 (6.4)* | 145 (73) | 4.79 (0.92) |
| Any | 26 (12) | 87.0 (4.7) | 19 (73) | 5.31 (0.79) |
ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; Achs, acetylcholinesterase‐inhibiting drugs; BZD, benzodiazepine; GDS, Global Deterioration Scale; NMDA, N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate; NSAID, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug; SSRIs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
*p<0.05.