Figure 1 Clinical course of the patient, magnetic resonance image of the brain and immunolabelling of live rat hippocampal neurones with the patient's cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (A) Clinical course of the patient. The symptoms and laboratory data were improved before the tumour resection. (B) MRI fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery images of the brain in April 2004 showed areas of hyperintensity in the medial temporal lobes, cingulate gyrus, insular regions and hippocampus. (C) These abnormalities had resolved by June 2004. (D) The patient's antibodies, which colocalised with EFA6A, showed intense immunolabelling of the neuronal cell membranes and processes, using methods previously reported². WAIS‐R, Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised.