Table 1 Results of univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis on ever coffee drinking and ever cigarette smoking.
| Case subjects (missing data) | Control subjects (missing data) | Univariable model OR (95% CI), p value | Multivariable model OR (95% CI), p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 166) vs hospital control patients (n = 228) | ||||
| Ever coffee drinking | 122 (5) | 199 (5) | 0.38 (0.22 to 0.66), 0.001 | 0.37 (0.20 to 0.67) 0.001 |
| Ever cigarette smoking | 52 (3) | 110 (2) | 0.51 (0.33 to 0.77), 0.002 | 0.64 (0.38 to 1.2) 0.2 |
| Cases (n = 166) vs population control subjects (n = 187) | ||||
| Ever coffee drinking | 122 (5) | 166 (0) | 0.38 (0.21 to 0.69), 0.002 | 0.44 (0.23 to 0.85) 0.015 |
| Ever cigarette smoking | 52 (3) | 82 (0) | 0.59 (0.38 to 0.94), 0.03 | 0.77 (0.44 to 1.34) 0.36 |
The multivariable model included age, sex, duration of disease, referral centre, years of schooling, ever coffee drinking and ever cigarette smoking. Case and control subjects for whom information was missing (in parentheses) were excluded from the analysis.