Table 3 Orientation and attention: weighted Cohen's d effect sizes* for each test, rank ordered by size.
| N studies | N participants | Mean Cohen's dw | SD dw (95% CI) | Min d | Max d | Nfs | %OL | Study references | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACE Orientation | 2 | 170 | −1.08 | 0.25 (−1.43, −0.73) | −1.20 | −0.95 | 9 | 41 | 85,102 |
| ACE Attention | 2 | 170 | −0.79 | 0.24 (−1.13, −0.45) | −0.86 | −0.71 | 6 | 53 | 85,102 |
| Trails B (errors) | 2 | 62 | −0.60 | 0.37 (−1.11, −0.09) | −0.75 | −0.20 | 4 | 62 | 74,123 |
| Stroop (word reading/Stroop A) | 4 | 105 | 0.46 | 0.45 (0.02, 0.89) | −0.40 | 5.2 | 5 | 67 | 31,60,86,131 |
| Digit Symbol | 5 | 373 | −0.40 | 0.33 (−0.69, −0.11) | −0.67 | −0.28 | 5 | 73 | 56,62,64,86,94 |
| Modified Trails (connection/min) | 4 | 225 | −0.38 | 0.28 (−0.66, −0.10) | −0.69 | −0.18 | 4 | 73 | 25,93,97,98 |
| Stroop (number correct—incongruent trial) | 6 | 358 | −0.29 | 0.29 (−0.52, −0.06) | −0.57 | 0.41 | 3 | 79 | 28,44,60,93,97,98 |
| Digit Span (overall score) | 8 | 479 | 0.29 | 0.34 (0.05, 0.52) | −0.47 | 0.98 | 3 | 79 | 27,29,62,68,86,126,130,134 |
| Corsi Blocks (visual span) | 4 | 166 | −0.29 | 0.34 (−0.62, 0.04) | −0.73 | −0.06 | 2 | 79 | 29,68,129,130 |
| Trails B (time) | 8 | 233 | −0.28 | 0.39 (−0.56, −0.01) | −0.89 | 2.39 | 3 | 79 | 60,74,80,108,111,114,123,129 |
| Attentional Matrices | 3 | 99 | −0.22 | 0.35 (−0.62, 0.18) | −0.45 | 0.27 | 0 | 85 | 68,123,130 |
| Stroop (colour naming/Stroop B) | 3 | 92 | 0.22 | 0.40 (−0.22, 0.67) | −0.39 | 1.53 | 0 | 85 | 31,60,86 |
| Stroop (interference) | 2 | 70 | 0.18 | 0.36 (−0.33, 0.68) | −0.07 | 0.49 | 0 | 85 | 88,100 |
| Stroop (errors—incongruent trial) | 3 | 78 | 0.18 | 0.40 (−0.28, 0.63) | −0.13 | 1.09 | 0 | 85 | 27,80,130 |
| Digit Span (forwards) | 13 | 453 | 0.14 | 0.36 (−0.06, 0.33) | −0.80 | 2.73 | 0 | 92 | 28,30,60,72,74,78,88,91,110,111,119,123,129 |
| Stroop (time—incongruent trial) | 2 | 40 | 0.14 | 0.45 (−0.48, 0.77) | −0.23 | 0.37 | 0 | 92 | 27,130 |
| Trails A (time) | 5 | 162 | −0.12 | 0.38 (−0.46, 0.21) | −0.73 | 0.32 | 0 | 92 | 60,74,86,111,129 |
| Digit Span (backwards) | 19 | 697 | 0.11 | 0.35 (−0.04, 0.27) | −1.16 | 1.08 | 0 | 92 | 25,28,30,60,67,72,74,77,78,80,88,91,93,97,98,110,111,119,123 |
ACE, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination; Max d, maximum effect size; Mean dw, mean weighted effect size; Min d, minimum effect size; N, number of studies contributing to the effect size; Nfs, fail safe N; %OL, per cent overlap between Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia groups; SD dw, SD of weighted effect size; 95% CI, 95% CI for means.
*Effect sizes weighted by the inverse variance.