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. 2007 Mar 19;78(9):917–928. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.100669

Table 5 Memory: weighted Cohen's d effect sizes* for each test, rank ordered by size.

N studies N participants Mean Cohen's dw SD dw (95% CI) Min d Max d Nfs %OL Study references
AVLT (recognition) 2 46 −1.25 0.59 (−2.08, −0.43) −4.0 0.00 11 35 27,134
Rey Complex Figure (recall) 21 783 −1.09 0.37 (−1.25, −0.93) −6.51 0.07 93 41 25,27,29,30,31,68,78,82,86,89,90,93,97,98,110,115,119,120,123,129,134
Recognition Memory Test (words) 4 113 −1.03 0.41 (−1.43, −0.63) −1.46 −0.55 17 45 28,82,119,120
WMS Logical Memory (% retention) 3 84 −1.00 0.43 (−1.48, −0.51) −3.21 −0.21 12 45 27,28,31
ACE Memory 2 170 −0.92 0.25 (−1.27, −0.58) −1.05 −0.78 7 48 85,102
WMS Logical Memory (delayed) 10 303 −0.90 0.42 (−1.16, −0.65) −2.17 0.30 35 48 30,42,56,78,82,86,94,110,124
WMS Visual Reproduction (delayed) 3 95 −0.90 0.41 (−1.37, −0.44) −1.23 0.48 11 48 56,94,124
Selective Reminding Test (total recall) 2 46 −0.89 0.46 (−1.53, −0.25) −1.06 −0.68 7 48 60,121
AVLT (delayed recall) 5 235 −0.87 0.39 (−1.21, −0.53) −4.32 −0.13 17 48 27,96,101,123,134
AVLT (immediate recall) 5 235 −0.76 0.37 (−1.09, −0.43) −2.26 −0.04 14 53 27,96,101,123,134
CVLT (delayed free recall) 5 224 −0.68 0.32 (−0.96, −0.40) −1.39 −0.49 12 57 87,93,97,98,111
WMS Logical Memory (immediate recall) 11 335 −0.63 0.40 (−0.86, −0.40) −2.23 0.25 24 62 30,31,42,56,78,82,94,110,120,124
Babcock Story Recall Test 2 74 −0.58 0.34 (−1.04, −0.11) −0.81 −0.23 4 62 68,123
Selective Reminding Test (recognition) 2 46 −0.52 0.45 (−1.13, 0.10) −0.59 −0.42 3 67 60,121
CERAD−NP (delayed recall) 2 193 −0.50 0.21 (−0.79, −0.21) −0.85 −0.35 3 67 70,105
WMS Visual Reproduction (immediate) 3 101 −0.48 0.38 (−0.91, −0.05) −0.80 −0.08 4 67 56,94,124
AMI Personal Semantic Schedule (childhood) 2 52 0.47 0.41 (−0.10, 1.04) 0.34 0.59 3 67 60,116
Selective Reminding Test (free recall) 2 46 −0.47 0.44 (−1.09, 0.14) −0.48 −0.47 3 67 60,121
AMI Autobiographical Incidents Schedule (childhood) 2 52 0.37 0.41 (−0.20, 0.94) 0.17 0.59 2 73 60,116
AMI Personal Semantic Schedule (recent life) 2 52 −0.35 0.43 (−0.94, 0.24) −1.25 0.45 1 73 60,116
AMI Personal Semantic Schedule (early adulthood) 2 52 0.34 0.41 (−0.23, 0.90) 0.33 0.35 1 79 60,116
CVLT (trial 4) 3 159 0.30 0.30 (−0.03, 0.63) −0.10 0.36 2 79 93,97,98
AMI Autobiographical Incidents Schedule (recent life) 2 52 −0.25 0.42 (−0.83, 0.33) −0.91 0.39 0 79 60,116
CVLT (recognition discrimination) 2 67 −0.22 0.36 (−0.71, 0.27) −0.46 0.54 0 85 87,93
WMS Logical Memory (score not specified) 4 125 −0.20 0.41 (−0.59, 0.20) −0.59 0.41 0 85 29,60,89,130
Shopping List (delayed recall) 2 68 0.18 0.37 (−0.34, 0.69) 0.04 0.41 0 85 31,86
Recognition Memory Test (faces) 4 113 0.18 0.39 (−0.21, 0.56) −0.33 1.06 0 85 28,82,119,120
AMI Autobiographical Incidents Schedule (early adulthood) 2 52 −0.16 0.41 (−0.73, 0.40) −0.28 −0.04 0 85 60,116
Benton Visual Retention Test 3 194 −0.16 0.29 (−0.49, 0.17) −0.31 0.45 0 85 44,60,74

ACE, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination; AMI, Autobiographical Memory Interview; AVLT, Auditory Verbal Learning Test; CERAD−NP, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease–Neuropsychological Battery; CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test; Max d, maximum effect size; Mean dw, mean weighted effect size; Min d, minimum effect size; N, number of studies contributing to the effect size; Nfs, fail safe N; %OL, per cent overlap between the Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia groups; SD dw, SD of weighted effect size; 95% CI, 95% CI for means; WMS, Wechsler Memory Scale (all editions).

*Effect sizes weighted by the inverse variance.