Table 8 Concept formation and reasoning: weighted Cohen's d effect sizes* for each test, rank ordered by size.
| N Studies | N Participants | Mean Cohen's dw | SD dw (95% CI) | Min d | Max d | Nfs | %OL | Study references | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proverb Interpretation | 2 | 111 | 0.66 | 0.29 (0.26, 1.05) | 0.25 | 1.00 | 5 | 57 | 69,92 |
| WAIS Comprehension | 4 | 359 | 0.65 | 0.31 (0.35, 0.95) | 0.40 | 0.80 | 9 | 57 | 62,72,86,94 |
| Cognitive Estimation Test | 2 | 94 | −0.51 | 0.30 (−0.93, −0.09) | −0.67 | −0.16 | 3 | 67 | 63,100 |
| Raven's Progressive Matrices | 10 | 686 | −0.47 | 0.28 (−0.64, −0.30) | −1.75 | 0.29 | 14 | 67 | 69,92 |
| WAIS Similarities | 6 | 435 | 0.37 | 0.31 (0.12, 0.62) | −0.08 | 0.78 | 5 | 73 | 60,62,72,86,94,126 |
| WCST (errors) | 3 | 109 | −0.30 | 0.34 (−0.68, 0.08) | −0.56 | −0.20 | 1 | 79 | 31,110,123 |
| WAIS Arithmetic | 2 | 306 | 0.29 | 0.25 (−0.06, 0.63) | −0.22 | 0.59 | 1 | 79 | 62,94 |
| WAIS Picture Completion | 2 | 308 | 0.25 | 0.25 (−0.10, 0.59) | 0.08 | 0.53 | 0 | 79 | 62,94 |
| WCST (perseverations) | 12 | 326 | 0.19 | 0.41 (−0.05, 0.42) | −1.16 | 1.39 | 0 | 85 | 69,92 |
| WCST (categories) | 13 | 367 | 0.11 | 0.40 (−0.11, 0.33) | −1.41 | 1.83 | 0 | 92 | 69,92 |
| WAIS Picture Arrangement | 4 | 479 | −0.07 | 0.26 (−0.32, 0.19) | −0.44 | 0.25 | 0 | 92 | 44,62,86,94 |
| Judgement of Line Orientation | 2 | 42 | −0.05 | 0.46 (−0.68, 0.59) | −0.26 | 0.30 | 0 | 92 | 30,111 |
Max d, maximum effect size; Mean dw, mean weighted effect size; Min d, minimum effect size; N, number of studies contributing to the effect size; Nfs, fail safe N; %OL, per cent overlap between the Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia groups; SD dw, SD of weighted effect size; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (all editions); WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; 95% CI, 95% CI for means.
*Effect sizes weighted by the inverse variance.