Table 2.
Concentrations of ΣPBDEs in human milk (ng/g lipid)
| Country | Year | N | Median | Range | Most prominent BDE congeners | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S.A. | 2001–04 | 59 | 30.1 | 6.2–418 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Schecter et al. 2005a |
| U.S.A. (Boston) | 2004–05 | 46 | 28 | 4–263 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Wu et al. 2005 |
| U.S.A. (Texas) | 2002 | 47 | 34.0 | 6.1–419 | BDE-47
BDE-99 |
Schecter et al. 2003 |
| U.S.A. (Texas) | 2004 | 25 | 43.0 | 8.9–246 | ND | Ryan et al. 2006 |
| U.S.A/Canada (Pacific Northwest) | 2003 | 40 | 50.0 | 6–321 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
She et al. 2007 |
| Canada | 2001–02 | 92 | 22.1 | 0.84–956 | BDE-47
BDE-99 |
Gill et al. 2004 |
| Canada | 2005 | 34 | 20 | 3.7–580 | ND | Ryan et al. 2006 |
| Sweden (Uppsala) | 1996–99 | 93 | 3.15 | 0.91–28.2 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Lind et al. 2003 |
| Sweden (Uppsala) | 2000–01 | 31 | 2.90 | 1.20–8.07 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Lind et al. 2003 |
| Sweden (Uppsala) | ND | 39 | 3.37 | 1.14–28.2 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Atuma et al. 2001 |
| Sweden (Stockholm) | 2000–01 | 15 | 2.14 | 0.56–7.72 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Meironyte Guvenius et al. 2003 |
| Norway | ND | 151 | 2.34 | 0.95–21.05 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Thomsen et al. 2005 |
| Finland | 1994–98 | 11 | 2.25 | 0.88–5.89 | BDE-47
BDE-99 |
Strandman et al. 2000 |
| Faroe Islands | 1999 | 9 | 5.8 | 4.7–13 | BDE-153
BDE-47 |
Fangstrom et al. 2005 |
| Russia | 2000 | 25 | 0.81 | 0.51–3.62 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Polder et al. 2006 |
| Russia | 2003–04 | 10 | 0.96 | 0.46–1.7 | BDE-153
BDE-47 |
Tsydenova et al. 2007 |
| Poland | 2004 | 22 | 2.0 | 0.8–8.4 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Jaraczewska et al. 2006 |
| Czech Republic | 2003 | 103 | 0.61* | 0.30–1.43* | BDE-47* | Kazda et al. 2004 |
| Germany | 2001–03 | 93 | 1.78 | ND | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Vieth et al. 2004 |
| Germany | 2002 | 79 | 3.02 | 0.85–24.6 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Furst, 2006 |
| United Kingdom | 2001–03 | 54 | 6.3 | 0.3–69 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Kalantzi et al. 2004 |
| France | 2005 | 23 | 2.65 | 1.39–11.63 | BDE-47
BDE-99 |
Antignac et al. 2006 |
| Italy | 1998–01 | 39 | ND | 1.6–4.1 | BDE-47
BDE-99 |
Ingelido et al. 2007 |
| Turkey | 2004 | 37 | ND | 0.0–0.4 | BDE-47
BDE-99 |
Erdogrul et al. 2004 |
| Japan | 1999 | 13 | ~1.3 | 0.56–291 | BDE-47
BDE-28 |
Akutsu et al. 2003 |
| Japan | 2003–04 | 105 | 1.28 | 0.01–23 | BDE-47
BDE-99 |
Eslami et al. 2006 |
| Japan | ND | 12 | ND | 0.67–2.84 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Ohta et al. 2002 |
| Japan | ND | 89 | 1.54 | 0.49–4.55 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Inoue et al. 2006 |
| South China | ND | 27 | 3.5 | 1.5–17 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Bi et al. 2006 |
| Taiwan | 2000–01 | 20 | 3.65 | ND | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Chao et al. 2007 |
| Indonesia | 2001–03 | 30 | 1.5 | 0.49–13 | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Sudaryanto et al. 2007 |
| Vietnam | 2000 | 10 | 1.1 | ND | BDE-153
BDE-47 |
Sudaryanto et al. 2005 |
| Cambodia | 2000 | 11 | 1.7 | ND | BDE-47
BDE-99 |
Sudaryanto et al. 2005 |
| Korea | 2004 | 9 | 2.6 | ND | BDE-47
BDE-153 |
Sudaryanto et al. 2005 |
| Australia | 2002–03 | 157 | 11.0 | 6.1–18.7 | BDE-47
BDE-99 |
Toms et al. 2007 |
*
Values are for BDE-47 only. ND, not determined.