Figure 6.

PD-L1 blockade breaks tolerance induced by insulin-SP in spontaneous autoimmune diabetes. New-onset spontaneously diabetic NOD mice were treated with insulin-SP or SHAM-SP and evaluated for disease remission. (A) Five mice that were treated with INS-SP and became euglycemic compared with five SHAM-SP diabetic control mice are shown. The five INS-SP–treated mice shown remained disease free for 25 wk after INS-SP therapy. At this time, mice were injected with anti–PD-L1 and followed for diabetes. After PD-L1 blockade, all five mice became diabetic within 5 ± 2 d. Diabetes incidence for INS-SP plus anti–PD-L1 (•; n = 5) and SHAM-SP control (◯; n = 5) is shown. (B) Individual mice and their blood glucose levels after INS-SP therapy and PD-L1 blockade. Each circle represents an individual mouse (n = 5).