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TLR2 is required for PSA activation. (A) HEK cells expressing TLR2 or TLR4/MD2 were incubated for 15 h with 1–1000 μg/ml PSA, 1–1000 μg/ml B. fragilis LPS (BFLPS), 20 nM MALP-3, or 250 ng/ml E. coli LPS (ECLPS). Cell supernatants were assayed for IL-8 by ELISA. (B) Human U373 astrocytoma cells were incubated with 1 mg/ml PSA, 20 nM MALP-3, or 250 ng/ml E. coli LPS, and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA. Data represent mean ± SEM.
