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. 2007 Feb 19;204(2):321–330. doi: 10.1084/jem.20061839

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Copyright © 2007, The Rockefeller University Press

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Figure 5. — PPARα mediates androgen sensitivity of Th responses. (A and B) Total RNA was obtained from naive CD4⁺ T cells that were pooled from the spleens of castrated- or sham-operated male (n = 4 mice/group) (A) or placebo or α-DHT pellet-implanted female (n = 4 mice/group) (B) mice. The expression of PPARα mRNA in these cells was measured using real-time RT-PCR, and abundance was expressed relative to β-actin mRNA. Values are means ± SEM of PCR product abundance in arbitrary units (AU). * indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05) from either sham (A) or placebo (B). (C) Correlation of serum testosterone (ng/dL) and T cell PPARα mRNA levels in 10 individual mice that were group housed in two cages. (D) CD3⁺ T cells from sham or castrated male WT and PPARα^−/− mice were isolated at 4 wk after surgery and stimulated with 1 μg/ml anti-CD3 and 0.5 μg/ml anti-CD28. Cytokine secretion by T cells was assessed by ELISA analysis of culture supernatants at 48 (IL-2), 72 (IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-17), and 120 h (IL-10) after stimulation. Values are means ± SEM of cytokine levels in triplicate culture wells. * indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05) from sham counterpart.