Skip to main content
PMC home page
The Journal of Cell Biology logoLink to The Journal of Cell Biology
. 1994 Apr 2;125(2):239–252. doi: 10.1083/jcb.125.2.239

Rab1 and Ca2+ are required for the fusion of carrier vesicles mediating endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport

PMCID: PMC2120032  PMID: 8163543

Abstract

Members of the rab/YPT1/SEC4 gene family of small molecular weight GTPases play key roles in the regulation of vesicular traffic between compartments of the exocytic pathway. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we demonstrate that a dominant negative rab1a mutant, rab1a(N124I), defective for guanine nucleotide binding in vitro, leads to the accumulation of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) in numerous pre-cis-Golgi vesicles and vesicular-tubular clusters containing rab1 and beta-COP, a subunit of the coatomer complex. Similar to previous observations (Balch et al. 1994. Cell. 76:841-852), VSV-G was concentrated nearly 5-10-fold in vesicular carriers that accumulate in the presence of the rab1a(N124I) mutant. VSV-G containing vesicles and vesicular-tubular clusters were also found to accumulate in the presence of a rab1a effector domain peptide mimetic that inhibits endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport, as well as in the absence of Ca2+. These results suggest that the combined action of a Ca(2+)-dependent protein and conformational changes associated with the GTPase cycle of rab1 are essential for a late targeting/fusion step controlling the delivery of vesicles to Golgi compartments.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (5.6 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bacon R. A., Salminen A., Ruohola H., Novick P., Ferro-Novick S. The GTP-binding protein Ypt1 is required for transport in vitro: the Golgi apparatus is defective in ypt1 mutants. J Cell Biol. 1989 Sep;109(3):1015–1022. doi: 10.1083/jcb.109.3.1015. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Balch W. E., Kahn R. A., Schwaninger R. ADP-ribosylation factor is required for vesicular trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the cis-Golgi compartment. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jun 25;267(18):13053–13061. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Balch W. E., McCaffery J. M., Plutner H., Farquhar M. G. Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is sorted and concentrated during export from the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell. 1994 Mar 11;76(5):841–852. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90359-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Barlowe C., d'Enfert C., Schekman R. Purification and characterization of SAR1p, a small GTP-binding protein required for transport vesicle formation from the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jan 15;268(2):873–879. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Barr F. A., Leyte A., Huttner W. B. Trimeric G proteins and vesicle formation. Trends Cell Biol. 1992 Apr;2(4):91–94. doi: 10.1016/0962-8924(92)90001-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Beckers C. J., Balch W. E. Calcium and GTP: essential components in vesicular trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. J Cell Biol. 1989 Apr;108(4):1245–1256. doi: 10.1083/jcb.108.4.1245. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Beckers C. J., Keller D. S., Balch W. E. Semi-intact cells permeable to macromolecules: use in reconstitution of protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. Cell. 1987 Aug 14;50(4):523–534. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90025-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Beckers C. J., Plutner H., Davidson H. W., Balch W. E. Sequential intermediates in the transport of protein between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. J Biol Chem. 1990 Oct 25;265(30):18298–18310. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bennett M. K., Scheller R. H. The molecular machinery for secretion is conserved from yeast to neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 1;90(7):2559–2563. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.7.2559. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Dascher C., Balch W. E. Dominant inhibitory mutants of ARF1 block endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport and trigger disassembly of the Golgi apparatus. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 14;269(2):1437–1448. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Davidson H. W., Balch W. E. Differential inhibition of multiple vesicular transport steps between the endoplasmic reticulum and trans Golgi network. J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 25;268(6):4216–4226. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Duden R., Griffiths G., Frank R., Argos P., Kreis T. E. Beta-COP, a 110 kd protein associated with non-clathrin-coated vesicles and the Golgi complex, shows homology to beta-adaptin. Cell. 1991 Feb 8;64(3):649–665. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90248-w. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Goud B., McCaffrey M. Small GTP-binding proteins and their role in transport. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1991 Aug;3(4):626–633. doi: 10.1016/0955-0674(91)90033-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hendricks L. C., McCaffery M., Palade G. E., Farquhar M. G. Disruption of endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport leads to the accumulation of large aggregates containing beta-COP in pancreatic acinar cells. Mol Biol Cell. 1993 Apr;4(4):413–424. doi: 10.1091/mbc.4.4.413. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Holz R. W., Senyshyn J., Bittner M. A. Mechanisms involved in calcium-dependent exocytosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;635:382–392. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb36506.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hwang Y. W., Zhong J. M., Poullet P., Parmeggiani A. Inhibition of SDC25 C-domain-induced guanine-nucleotide exchange by guanine ring binding domain mutants of v-H-ras. J Biol Chem. 1993 Nov 25;268(33):24692–24698. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kaiser C. A., Schekman R. Distinct sets of SEC genes govern transport vesicle formation and fusion early in the secretory pathway. Cell. 1990 May 18;61(4):723–733. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90483-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kellogg D. R., Alberts B. M. Purification of a multiprotein complex containing centrosomal proteins from the Drosophila embryo by chromatography with low-affinity polyclonal antibodies. Mol Biol Cell. 1992 Jan;3(1):1–11. doi: 10.1091/mbc.3.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Khosravi-Far R., Clark G. J., Abe K., Cox A. D., McLain T., Lutz R. J., Sinensky M., Der C. J. Ras (CXXX) and Rab (CC/CXC) prenylation signal sequences are unique and functionally distinct. J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 5;267(34):24363–24368. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Khosravi-Far R., Lutz R. J., Cox A. D., Conroy L., Bourne J. R., Sinensky M., Balch W. E., Buss J. E., Der C. J. Isoprenoid modification of rab proteins terminating in CC or CXC motifs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jul 15;88(14):6264–6268. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.14.6264. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Krijnse-Locker J., Ericsson M., Rottier P. J., Griffiths G. Characterization of the budding compartment of mouse hepatitis virus: evidence that transport from the RER to the Golgi complex requires only one vesicular transport step. J Cell Biol. 1994 Jan;124(1-2):55–70. doi: 10.1083/jcb.124.1.55. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lafay F. Envelope proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus: effect of temperature-sensitive mutations in complementation groups III and V. J Virol. 1974 Nov;14(5):1220–1228. doi: 10.1128/jvi.14.5.1220-1228.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Lian J. P., Ferro-Novick S. Bos1p, an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport vesicles, is required for their fusion competence. Cell. 1993 May 21;73(4):735–745. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90253-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Lotti L. V., Torrisi M. R., Pascale M. C., Bonatti S. Immunocytochemical analysis of the transfer of vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein from the intermediate compartment to the Golgi complex. J Cell Biol. 1992 Jul;118(1):43–50. doi: 10.1083/jcb.118.1.43. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Nakańo A., Muramatsu M. A novel GTP-binding protein, Sar1p, is involved in transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. J Cell Biol. 1989 Dec;109(6 Pt 1):2677–2691. doi: 10.1083/jcb.109.6.2677. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Nuoffer C., Davidson H. W., Matteson J., Meinkoth J., Balch W. E. A GDP-bound of rab1 inhibits protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum and transport between Golgi compartments. J Cell Biol. 1994 Apr;125(2):225–237. doi: 10.1083/jcb.125.2.225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Oberhauser A. F., Monck J. R., Balch W. E., Fernandez J. M. Exocytotic fusion is activated by Rab3a peptides. Nature. 1992 Nov 19;360(6401):270–273. doi: 10.1038/360270a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Oka T., Nishikawa S., Nakano A. Reconstitution of GTP-binding Sar1 protein function in ER to Golgi transport. J Cell Biol. 1991 Aug;114(4):671–679. doi: 10.1083/jcb.114.4.671. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Oprins A., Duden R., Kreis T. E., Geuze H. J., Slot J. W. Beta-COP localizes mainly to the cis-Golgi side in exocrine pancreas. J Cell Biol. 1993 Apr;121(1):49–59. doi: 10.1083/jcb.121.1.49. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Orci L., Glick B. S., Rothman J. E. A new type of coated vesicular carrier that appears not to contain clathrin: its possible role in protein transport within the Golgi stack. Cell. 1986 Jul 18;46(2):171–184. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90734-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Orci L., Palmer D. J., Ravazzola M., Perrelet A., Amherdt M., Rothman J. E. Budding from Golgi membranes requires the coatomer complex of non-clathrin coat proteins. Nature. 1993 Apr 15;362(6421):648–652. doi: 10.1038/362648a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Padfield P. J., Balch W. E., Jamieson J. D. A synthetic peptide of the rab3a effector domain stimulates amylase release from permeabilized pancreatic acini. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Mar 1;89(5):1656–1660. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.5.1656. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Pepperkok R., Scheel J., Horstmann H., Hauri H. P., Griffiths G., Kreis T. E. Beta-COP is essential for biosynthetic membrane transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex in vivo. Cell. 1993 Jul 16;74(1):71–82. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90295-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Peter F., Plutner H., Zhu H., Kreis T. E., Balch W. E. Beta-COP is essential for transport of protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi in vitro. J Cell Biol. 1993 Sep;122(6):1155–1167. doi: 10.1083/jcb.122.6.1155. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Plutner H., Cox A. D., Pind S., Khosravi-Far R., Bourne J. R., Schwaninger R., Der C. J., Balch W. E. Rab1b regulates vesicular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and successive Golgi compartments. J Cell Biol. 1991 Oct;115(1):31–43. doi: 10.1083/jcb.115.1.31. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Plutner H., Davidson H. W., Saraste J., Balch W. E. Morphological analysis of protein transport from the ER to Golgi membranes in digitonin-permeabilized cells: role of the P58 containing compartment. J Cell Biol. 1992 Dec;119(5):1097–1116. doi: 10.1083/jcb.119.5.1097. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Plutner H., Schwaninger R., Pind S., Balch W. E. Synthetic peptides of the Rab effector domain inhibit vesicular transport through the secretory pathway. EMBO J. 1990 Aug;9(8):2375–2383. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07412.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Pryer N. K., Wuestehube L. J., Schekman R. Vesicle-mediated protein sorting. Annu Rev Biochem. 1992;61:471–516. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.61.070192.002351. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Rexach M. F., Schekman R. W. Distinct biochemical requirements for the budding, targeting, and fusion of ER-derived transport vesicles. J Cell Biol. 1991 Jul;114(2):219–229. doi: 10.1083/jcb.114.2.219. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Rothman J. E., Orci L. Molecular dissection of the secretory pathway. Nature. 1992 Jan 30;355(6359):409–415. doi: 10.1038/355409a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Rudolph H. K., Antebi A., Fink G. R., Buckley C. M., Dorman T. E., LeVitre J., Davidow L. S., Mao J. I., Moir D. T. The yeast secretory pathway is perturbed by mutations in PMR1, a member of a Ca2+ ATPase family. Cell. 1989 Jul 14;58(1):133–145. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90410-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Saraste J., Kuismanen E. Pre- and post-Golgi vacuoles operate in the transport of Semliki Forest virus membrane glycoproteins to the cell surface. Cell. 1984 Sep;38(2):535–549. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90508-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Saraste J., Palade G. E., Farquhar M. G. Antibodies to rat pancreas Golgi subfractions: identification of a 58-kD cis-Golgi protein. J Cell Biol. 1987 Nov;105(5):2021–2029. doi: 10.1083/jcb.105.5.2021. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Saraste J., Palade G. E., Farquhar M. G. Temperature-sensitive steps in the transport of secretory proteins through the Golgi complex in exocrine pancreatic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(17):6425–6429. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.17.6425. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Saraste J., Svensson K. Distribution of the intermediate elements operating in ER to Golgi transport. J Cell Sci. 1991 Nov;100(Pt 3):415–430. doi: 10.1242/jcs.100.3.415. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Schmitt H. D., Puzicha M., Gallwitz D. Study of a temperature-sensitive mutant of the ras-related YPT1 gene product in yeast suggests a role in the regulation of intracellular calcium. Cell. 1988 May 20;53(4):635–647. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90579-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Schwaninger R., Beckers C. J., Balch W. E. Sequential transport of protein between the endoplasmic reticulum and successive Golgi compartments in semi-intact cells. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jul 15;266(20):13055–13063. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Schwaninger R., Plutner H., Bokoch G. M., Balch W. E. Multiple GTP-binding proteins regulate vesicular transport from the ER to Golgi membranes. J Cell Biol. 1992 Dec;119(5):1077–1096. doi: 10.1083/jcb.119.5.1077. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Schweizer A., Fransen J. A., Bächi T., Ginsel L., Hauri H. P. Identification, by a monoclonal antibody, of a 53-kD protein associated with a tubulo-vesicular compartment at the cis-side of the Golgi apparatus. J Cell Biol. 1988 Nov;107(5):1643–1653. doi: 10.1083/jcb.107.5.1643. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Schweizer A., Fransen J. A., Matter K., Kreis T. E., Ginsel L., Hauri H. P. Identification of an intermediate compartment involved in protein transport from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus. Eur J Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;53(2):185–196. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Schweizer A., Matter K., Ketcham C. M., Hauri H. P. The isolated ER-Golgi intermediate compartment exhibits properties that are different from ER and cis-Golgi. J Cell Biol. 1991 Apr;113(1):45–54. doi: 10.1083/jcb.113.1.45. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Segev N. Mediation of the attachment or fusion step in vesicular transport by the GTP-binding Ypt1 protein. Science. 1991 Jun 14;252(5012):1553–1556. doi: 10.1126/science.1904626. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Segev N., Mulholland J., Botstein D. The yeast GTP-binding YPT1 protein and a mammalian counterpart are associated with the secretion machinery. Cell. 1988 Mar 25;52(6):915–924. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90433-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Senyshyn J., Balch W. E., Holz R. W. Synthetic peptides of the effector-binding domain of rab enhance secretion from digitonin-permeabilized chromaffin cells. FEBS Lett. 1992 Aug 31;309(1):41–46. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80735-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Serafini T., Stenbeck G., Brecht A., Lottspeich F., Orci L., Rothman J. E., Wieland F. T. A coat subunit of Golgi-derived non-clathrin-coated vesicles with homology to the clathrin-coated vesicle coat protein beta-adaptin. Nature. 1991 Jan 17;349(6306):215–220. doi: 10.1038/349215a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Shirataki H., Kaibuchi K., Sakoda T., Kishida S., Yamaguchi T., Wada K., Miyazaki M., Takai Y. Rabphilin-3A, a putative target protein for smg p25A/rab3A p25 small GTP-binding protein related to synaptotagmin. Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Apr;13(4):2061–2068. doi: 10.1128/mcb.13.4.2061. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Sodeik B., Doms R. W., Ericsson M., Hiller G., Machamer C. E., van 't Hof W., van Meer G., Moss B., Griffiths G. Assembly of vaccinia virus: role of the intermediate compartment between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi stacks. J Cell Biol. 1993 May;121(3):521–541. doi: 10.1083/jcb.121.3.521. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Soldati T., Riederer M. A., Pfeffer S. R. Rab GDI: a solubilizing and recycling factor for rab9 protein. Mol Biol Cell. 1993 Apr;4(4):425–434. doi: 10.1091/mbc.4.4.425. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Söllner T., Whiteheart S. W., Brunner M., Erdjument-Bromage H., Geromanos S., Tempst P., Rothman J. E. SNAP receptors implicated in vesicle targeting and fusion. Nature. 1993 Mar 25;362(6418):318–324. doi: 10.1038/362318a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Tisdale E. J., Bourne J. R., Khosravi-Far R., Der C. J., Balch W. E. GTP-binding mutants of rab1 and rab2 are potent inhibitors of vesicular transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. J Cell Biol. 1992 Nov;119(4):749–761. doi: 10.1083/jcb.119.4.749. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Tooze J., Tooze S., Warren G. Replication of coronavirus MHV-A59 in sac- cells: determination of the first site of budding of progeny virions. Eur J Cell Biol. 1984 Mar;33(2):281–293. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Ullrich O., Stenmark H., Alexandrov K., Huber L. A., Kaibuchi K., Sasaki T., Takai Y., Zerial M. Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor as a general regulator for the membrane association of rab proteins. J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 25;268(24):18143–18150. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Velasco A., Hendricks L., Moremen K. W., Tulsiani D. R., Touster O., Farquhar M. G. Cell type-dependent variations in the subcellular distribution of alpha-mannosidase I and II. J Cell Biol. 1993 Jul;122(1):39–51. doi: 10.1083/jcb.122.1.39. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Walter M., Clark S. G., Levinson A. D. The oncogenic activation of human p21ras by a novel mechanism. Science. 1986 Aug 8;233(4764):649–652. doi: 10.1126/science.3487832. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Waters M. G., Serafini T., Rothman J. E. 'Coatomer': a cytosolic protein complex containing subunits of non-clathrin-coated Golgi transport vesicles. Nature. 1991 Jan 17;349(6306):248–251. doi: 10.1038/349248a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Zerial M., Stenmark H. Rab GTPases in vesicular transport. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1993 Aug;5(4):613–620. doi: 10.1016/0955-0674(93)90130-i. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. d'Enfert C., Wuestehube L. J., Lila T., Schekman R. Sec12p-dependent membrane binding of the small GTP-binding protein Sar1p promotes formation of transport vesicles from the ER. J Cell Biol. 1991 Aug;114(4):663–670. doi: 10.1083/jcb.114.4.663. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Cell Biology are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES