Table 5 Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for mortality from obstructive lung disease and pneumonia as underlying or contributory causes of death, by respiratory symptoms and sex, adjusted for occupational exposure, smoking, and age in Norway, 1973–2002: separate models for each symptom group.
| Symptoms | Obstructive lung disease (n = 355) | Pneumonia (n = 1154) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| No respiratory symptoms | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
| Cough | 4.1 | 2.9 to 5.9 | 4.2 | 2.7 to 6.5 | 1.5 | 1.2 to 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.0 to 1.5 |
| Asthma‐like symptoms | 4.6 | 3.2 to 6.7 | 5.0 | 3.3 to 7.6 | 1.5 | 1.3 to 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.9 to 1.5 |
| Moderate dyspnoea | 5.1 | 3.3 to 7.1 | 4.0 | 2.4 to 6.6 | 1.6 | 1.2 to 2.2 | 1.2 | 0.9 to 1.5 |
| Severe dyspnoea | 12.7 | 8.0 to 20.2 | 8.5 | 5.1 to 14.2 | 2.7 | 1.9 to 3.9 | 1.8 | 1.4 to 2.4 |