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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Dec 10.
Published in final edited form as: Headache. 2000 Jan;40(1):3–16. doi: 10.1046/j.1526-4610.2000.00001.x

Table 2.

Psychological Measures: Chronic Tension-type Headache Sufferers and Control Subjects

Chronic Tension-type Headache
 Control
Instrument Mean (SD) N Mean (SD) N z P
Beck Depression Inventory 8.9 (6.6) 245 4.8 (7.2) 89 6.69 <.001
Trait Anxiety Inventory 41.9 (10.4) 245 31.2 (7.8) 89 8.29 <.001
Hassles-SF total score 54.6 (27.0) 240 34.1 (20.7) 89 6.44 <.001
Prime MD diagnosis % Patients N % Patients N χ2 (df) P
Mood or anxiety disorder 45.5 242 9.0 89 37.72 (1) <.001
Prime mood disorder 28.9 242 7.9 89 16.17 (1) <.001
Prime anxiety disorder 34.7 242 2.2 89 35.66 (1) <.001

Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U test.

Prime MD indicates Primary Care Evaluation for Mental Disorders.