Table 1.
Sweden | United Kingdom | Italy | United States | Japan | Taiwan | India | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1751−2002 | 1841−1998 | 1872−2000 | 1900−2001 | 1891−2001 | 1906−2002 | 1881−1997 | |
t1 | 1876 | 1900 | 1947 | 1940 | 1951 | ||
t2 | 1989 | 1983 | 1989 | ||||
t | 0.0006 *** | 0.0009 *** | 0.0029 *** | 0.0033 *** | 0.0010 *** | 0.0004 | 0.0392 |
(0.0001) | (0.0001) | (0.0001) | (0.0002) | (0.0002) | (0.0010) | (0.0232) | |
(t-t1)d1 | 0.002 *** | 0.0024 *** | 0.0065 *** | 0.0056 *** | 0.3457 *** | ||
(0.0001) | (0.0001) | (0.0004) | (0.0011) | (0.0599) | |||
(t-t2)d2 | −0.0014 *** | −0.0024 *** | −0.3075 * | ||||
(0.0007) | (0.0003) | (0.1568) | |||||
Dm 1773 | −0.0231 *** | 0.0004 *** | −0.1231 *** | ||||
(0.0027) | (0.0023) | ||||||
Dm 1808 | −0.1625 *** | ||||||
(0.0063) | |||||||
Dm 1918 | −0.096 *** | ||||||
(0.0040) | |||||||
Constant | 0.2869 *** | 0.3205 *** | 0.2518 *** | 0.2245 *** | 0.3250 *** | 0.2860 *** | 22.7955 *** |
(0.0080) | (0.0049) | (0.0053) | (0.0195) | (0.0104) | (0.0322) | (0.8454) | |
Adjusted | |||||||
R2 | 0.9251 | 0.9587 | 0.9471 | 0.9585 | 0.9872 | 0.9944 | 0.9628 |
N | 252 | 158 | 129 | 48 | 59 | 43 | 20 |
P-value | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||
D.W. | 0.5765 | 0.7026 | 0.397 | 0.0958 | 0.3897 | 0.3651 | 0.0338 |
Note. Dependent variables are adult survival index except for India. The dependent variable for India is life expectancy at age 30. The equation is estimated, where d1 = 1 if t ≥ t1 and 0 otherwise, and d2=1 if t ≥ t2 and 0 otherwise. Dm1773 is a dummy variable equal to 1 for year 1773. Dm1808, Dm1918 are defined in similar fashion N is number of observations. “P-value” is the p-value of F-test for the null hypothesis that β1, β2, and β3 are all zero. D.W. is Durbin-Watson statistics. The low Durbin-Watson statistics imply serial correlation. The augmented Dickey-Fuller test indicates that some variables are not trend stationary.
denotes significant at 1 % level
denotes significant at 5 % level, and
denotes significant at 10 % level.