TABLE 3.
Differences in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum amyloid P (SAP) among participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) according to usual intake of individual beverage types, relative to abstainers from each individual beverage1
| Alcohol consumption category2 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | <1 (<12) | 1-6 (12-72) | ≥7 (≥84) | P for trend | |
| Beer (n) | 1277 | 236 | 113 | 67 | |
| IL-6 (% difference) | Ref | 17 ± 73 | -2 ± 7 | 7 ± 9 | 0.89 |
| SAP (mg/L difference) | |||||
| All participants | Ref | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 2.6 ± 1.7 | 0.26 |
| IL-6C negative | Ref | 0.4 ± 1.2 | 3.2 ± 1.8 | 5.0 ± 1.9 | 0.03 |
| IL-6C positive | Ref | 2.1 ± 1.6 | -1.8 ± 1.8 | 0.4 ± 2.8 | 0.51 |
| Wine (n) | 1056 | 371 | 195 | 71 | |
| IL-6 (% difference) | Ref | -13 ± 4 | -12 ± 6 | -14 ± 10 | 0.38 |
| SAP (mg/L difference) | |||||
| All participants | Ref | -0.1 ± 0.8 | 0.3 ± 0.9 | -0.3 ± 1.6 | 0.91 |
| IL-6C negative | Ref | 0.7 ± 1.2 | 0.6 ± 1.4 | -3.4 ± 2.2 | 0.08 |
| IL-6C positive | Ref | -0.2 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 1.4 | 3.4 ± 2.0 | 0.09 |
| Liquor (n) | 1151 | 261 | 150 | 131 | |
| IL-6 (% difference) | |||||
| All participants | Ref | 2 ± 6 | 0.2 ± 7 | 7 ± 8 | 0.42 |
| Apo E4 negative | Ref | 4 ± 7 | -1 ± 8 | -6 ± 8 | 0.23 |
| Apo E4 positive | Ref | 0.1 ± 11 | -5 ± 12 | 37 ± 21 | 0.03 |
| SAP (mg/L difference) | |||||
| All participants | Ref | -1.1 ± 0.9 | -1.7 ± 1.0 | 0.2 ± 1.0 | 0.69 |
| IL-6C negative | Ref | -1.0 ± 1.3 | -2.1 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 0.08 |
| IL-6C positive | Ref | -1.8 ± 1.2 | -1.6 ± 1.5 | -1.7 ± 1.4 | 0.28 |
Apo E4, apolipoprotein E4. Differences were derived from linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, current smoking, former smoking, marital status, education, income, leisure-time physical activity, BMI (linear and squared), depressive symptoms, arthritis, and diabetes; use of hormone replacement, aspirin, and statins; and intake of the other 2 beverage types, with weighting to reflect the probability of sampling from the full CHS population. Apo E4 positive indicates an apo E genotype of E2/E4, E3/E4, or E4/E4. IL-6C positive indicates a genotype of CC or GC. P values for trend exclude former drinkers. P values for the interactions of beer, wine, and liquor with genotype for IL-6 concentrations were 0.97, 0.40, and 0.01 for apo E4 and 0.62, 0.96, and 0.27 for IL-6C. The corresponding P values for interaction for SAP concentrations were 0.71, 0.14, and 0.97 for apo E4 and 0.09, 0.03, and 0.08 for IL-6C.
Drinks/wk; g ethanol in parentheses.
x̄ ± SE (all such values).