Table 2.
Empirical food webs studied
| Food web | S | L | Single links |
Double links |
Cannibal links |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benguela | 29 | 203 | 186 | 5 | 7 | Yodzis (1998) |
| Bridge Brook Lake | 25 | 106 | 102 | 1 | 3 | Havens (1992) |
| Caribbean Reef | 50 | 556 | 471 | 32 | 21 | Opitz (1996) |
| Chesapeake Bay | 31 | 68 | 67 | 0 | 1 | Baird and Ulanowicz (1989) |
| Coachella Valley | 29 | 262 | 199 | 22 | 19 | Polis (1991) |
| Grassland | 61 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 0 | Martinez et al. (1999) |
| Little Rock Lake | 92 | 997 | 936 | 24 | 13 | Martinez (1991) |
| Northeast US Shelf | 79 | 1400 | 1363 | 7 | 25 | Link (2002) |
| Scotch Broom | 85 | 223 | 219 | 0 | 4 | Hawkins et al. (1997) |
| Skipwith Pond | 25 | 197 | 181 | 4 | 8 | Warren (1989) |
| St. Marks Seagrass | 48 | 221 | 218 | 0 | 3 | Christian and Luczkovich (1999) |
| St. Martin Island | 42 | 205 | 205 | 0 | 0 | Goldwasser and Roughgarden (1993) |
| Ythan Estuary (1) | 83 | 395 | 389 | 1 | 4 | Hall and Raffaelli (1991) |
| Ythan Estuary (2) | 174 | 579 | 573 | 1 | 4 | Hall and Raffaelli (1993) |
| Canton Creek | 102 | 697 | 696 | 0 | 1 | Townsend et al. (1998) |
| Stony Stream | 109 | 829 | 827 | 0 | 2 | Townsend et al. (1998) |
| El Verde Rainforest | 155 | 1509 | 1369 | 69 | 2 | Waide and Reagan (1996) |
S is the number of trophic species in the food web and L is the number of trophic predator-prey interactions.