. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Dec 11.

Published in final edited form as: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 Oct;47(10):1031–1040. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01673.x

Table 2. Significant Findings for Neural Response during the Reward Task, by Task Phase.

Effect	Region	F	p	ds	Direction of Effects
Group X Probability	L Amygdala	7.35	.007	.19	D>C (high probability),
				-.34	D<C (low probability)
	L OFC Inf	6.63	.010	.10	D>C (high probability),
				-.34	D<C (low probability)
Group X Magnitude	L OFC Inf	15.81	<.0005^∼	.13	D>C (high reward),
				-.41	D<C (low reward)
	R OFC Inf	11.74	.001	-.66	D<<C (low reward)
				-.17	D<C (high reward)
	R OFC Sup	11.35	.001	-.13	D<C (low reward)
				.32	D>C (high reward)
	M OFC Rectus	20.54	<.0005	-.42	D<C (low reward)
				.13	D>>C (high reward)
Group	ACC	4.04	.047	-.37	D<C
	L OFC Sup	7.73	.006	.40	D>C
	L Caudate	4.12	.044^∼∼	-.32	D<C
		4.49⁺	.001
	R Caudate	6.82	.000	-.39	D<C
		3.27⁺	.007
	R OFC Inf	8.00	.005^∼∼	-.40	D<C
Probability x Magnitude	L Amygdala	4.97	.026		High>Low Probability (high reward),
					High<Low Probability (low reward),
	L Caudate	13.89	<.0005		High>Low Probability (high reward),
					High<Low Probability (low reward),
	R Caudate	7.94	.005		High<Low Probability (high reward),
					High = Low Probability (Low reward),
Probability	L Amygdala	5.88	.016		Low>high
	R OFC Mid	18.13	<.0005		Low>high
	R OFC Sup	7.62	.006		Low>high
Magnitude	ACC	40.9	<.0005		Low>high
	L Amygdala	11.711	.001		Low>high
	R Amygdala	13.21	<.0005		Low>high
	L OFC Sup	9.07	.003		Low>high
	R OFC Sup	5.79	.017		Low>high
	R OFC Inf	28.005	<.0005		Low>high
		26.26⁺	.023		Low>high especially at the middle scans
	R OFC Mid	26.11	<.0005		Low>high
	M OFC Rectus	14.25	<.0005		Low>high

Group X Outcome	ACC	1.907	.127	-.25	D<C (reward)
				-.45	D<<C (loss)
	L Amygdala	4.126	.006	.32	D>C (Large)
				-.03	D=C (Small)
	R Amygdala	3.80	.01	.06	D>C (Large Reward)
				.01	D<=C (all other conditions)
	L OFC Inf	3.10	.026^∼	.08	D>C (Large reward)
				-.13	D<C (all other conditions)
Group	ACC	19.185	.000	-.37	D<C
	L Amygdala	6.102	.014	.19	D>C
	L Caudate	16.12	<.0005^∼	-.36	D<C
	L OFC Mid	25.18	<.0005	-.47	D<C
	R OFC Mid	9.26	.003^∼∼	-.27	D<C
	L OFC Sup	6.25	.013^∼∼	-.26	D<C
Outcome	ACC	6.048	.000^∼∼		Small<Large
	L Amygdala	3.558	.014		Small<Large
	R Amygdala	21.95	<.0005		Small<Large
	L Caudate	1.754	.155		Small<Large (especially at scans 3-4)
	R Caudate	3.92	.009		Win>Loss
		3.60⁺	<.0005		Win>Loss (especially at scans 3-4)
	L OFC Mid	11.13	<.0005^∼∼		Large Loss<Small Loss<Small
					Reward<Large Reward
	R OFC Mid	9.99	<.0005^∼∼		Small<Large
	OFC Med Rectus	12.22	<.0005		Large>Small, Reward>Loss
	R OFC Inf	5.35	.001^∼∼		Large Loss<Small Loss<Small
					Reward<Large Reward
	R OFC Sup	6.748	<.0005		Small<Large

⁺

occurred in interaction with scan, so that time-course of effect varied above and beyond group or condition-related differences in area under the curve

^∼

qualified by interaction with first versus second half, p<.05

^∼∼

qualified by interaction with first versus second half, p<.01

Note: D=Depression group; A=Anxiety group; C=Control; ds=effect size, $\frac{{\bar{x}}_{1} - {\bar{x}}_{2}}{(s_{1} + s_{2}) / 2}$ ; ACC=anterior cingulate cortex; OFC=orbitofrontal cortex; L=left; R=right; Inf=inferior; Sup=superior; M=medial. Italics ➔ p<.05, but not significant after controlling for type 1 error using conservative threshold of p<.01.

df: Decision Phase: Diagnosis (1,101.9-192.3), Probability (1,634.9-683.9), Reward (1, 294.8-453.6), Probability x Reward: (1, 542.4-652.1). Interactions with diagnosis did not change df for Reward and Probability effects.