Effect of extracellular and intercellular ROS on the activation of N-SMase in human primary oligodendrocytes. Differentiated oligodendrocytes were treated with 300 ìM H2O2(a), the combination of 10 μM hypoxanthine and 1 mU/ml xanthine oxidase (b), 100 μM diamide (c), and 3 mM ATZ (d). At different minute intervals, cellular lysates were prepared and activity of N-SMase was assayed using radiolabeled 14C sphingomyelin as described under “Materials and methods”. Control group served as 100%, and data from other groups were expressed as percentage of control. Results are mean ± SD of three different experiments. ap<0.001 and bp<0.05 vs control.