Figure 1.

Upper bound limits of Gibbs energies for transfer of side chains and peptide backbone of RCAM RNase from water to 1 M concentrations of urea and protecting osmolytes. DKP/2 represents the transfer of the peptide backbone unit summed over the entire chain length of RCAM RNase, and the values for the transfer of specific amino acid side chains represent the sum of all such side chains in the protein. Data for transfer Gibbs energies of side chains and backbone from water to 1 M concentration of urea and TMAO are from Wang and Bolen (3), sucrose and sarcosine are from Liu and Bolen (4), and proline are from the present work.