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. 1999 Jun 14;145(6):1265–1276. doi: 10.1083/jcb.145.6.1265

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Distribution of F-actin in nascent axons and filopodial protrusion from sites of F-actin accumulation (patches). (a) Rhodamine-phalloidin– labeled F-actin in a cultured and fixed CNS growth cone. A bright band of rhodamine-phalloidin labeling is seen along the leading lamellum of the growth cone (between the two arrowheads) where many filopodia are protruding. F-Actin accumulations also occur at the bases of some lateral branches (arrow), some lateral filopodia, and nonuniformly along the axon cortex. (b) Actin labeling by injected rhodamine-actin in live Ti1 neurons. Various sizes and densities of actin accumulations (patches) are observed (b1, arrow). These actin patches frequently occur at the bases of filopodia (b2, arrow), although some do not (b2, arrowhead). (c) F-Actin labeling by rhodamine-phalloidin in live Ti1 neurons. F-Actin accumulations (arrow) appear similar to the patches seen with labeled actin (b2). (d) F-Actin labeling by rhodamine-phalloidin in a pair of live pioneer neurons. As in fixed cells, F-actin accumulations occur at the bases of some branches (arrowheads) and filopodia, and along the axon cortex. The cortical labeling is nonuniform, and often occurs in fairly distinct patches (arrows). (d2) These F-actin patches and accumulations can increase and/or decrease in intensity, and can move laterally (arrows). d2 was taken 5 min after d1. (e) Live pioneer axons in situ that have been coinjected with caged calcium and rhodamine-phalloidin. Several F-actin patches (e1, arrows) occurred along this region of the nascent axon. After a 300-ms photolysis flash (5 min after e1) of the entire region, filopodia were extended from the two most distal patches (e2, top left arrows, 11 min after flash), and then from the most proximal patch (e3, bottom right arrow, 16 min after flash). By the time the last filopodium had extended, the first (e3, top left arrow) already had retracted. Bars, 5 μm.