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. 1999 Jun 14;145(6):1119–1131. doi: 10.1083/jcb.145.6.1119

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The orientation of chromosomes 18 and 19 in normal nuclei and those from a t(18;19). (a and b) Lymphoblast nuclei cohybridized with paints specific for 18p and q arms (Guan et al., 1996). 18p is in red in a and in green in b. 18q is in the reciprocal color in each case, as indicated. DAPI counterstain is blue. (c and d) Lymphoblast nuclei cohybridized with paints specific for 19p and q arms (Guan et al., 1996). 19p is in red in c and in green in d. 19q is in the reciprocal color in each case, as indicated. DAPI counterstain is blue. (e) Flattened primary lymphocytes hybridized simultaneously with HSA18 paint (red) and telomeric clones 52M11 and 75F20 (green) specific for 18pter and qter, respectively. DAPI counterstain is blue. (f) 3D-preserved nuclei cohybridized with HSA18 paint (green) and telomeric clones 52M11 and 75F20 (red). Red signal in the cytoplasm is from endogenous biotin. Telomere signals are apparent with only one of the territories, those associated with the other territory are in a different focal plane. (g) FISH to a metaphase spread from an individual with t(18; 19)(p11;p13) with chromosome 18 material shown in green and 19 in red. The appropriately colored arrows indicate the derived chromosomes. (h and i) Interphase nuclei from t(18;19) cells. HSA18-derived material is detected in green in h and in red in i. HSA19 is detected in the reciprocal color in each panel as indicated. As in g, appropriately colored arrows indicate the derived chromosomes. A line was drawn from the center to the edge of the nucleus passing through each derived chromosome. A second line, perpendicular to the first, was put through the middle of the signal and it was ascertained which side of this line the translocated portion was found. (j) Histograms of the position of the edge of the signal in relation to the edge or the center of the nucleus, in 50 t(18;19) nuclei, for both the normal (open bars) and derived (filled bars) chromosomes 18 and 19. There is no significant difference in the positions of derived and normal chromosomes (P < 0.059 for HSA18 and P < 0.110 for HSA19).