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. 1999 May 17;145(4):795–808. doi: 10.1083/jcb.145.4.795

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In resting conditions, mitochondria in astrocytes contain substantial releasable Ca²⁺. Typical time course of Ca²⁺ release from mitochondria upon application of 1 μM FCCP (in the presence of 2.5 μg/ml oligomycin) in astrocytes dual-loaded with rhod-2/AM and fura-2/AM. The Ca²⁺ transient monitored using rhod-2 (solid circle) can be superimposed upon that measured using fura-2 (open circle). The rhod-2 fluorescence intensity before addition of FCCP/oligomycin was normalized to one. The nuclear Ca²⁺ signal monitored by fura-2 was expressed as a ratio of fura-2 fluorescence after excitation at 340 and 380 nm.