Table I.
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Function Increases the Mean Ca2+ Wave Velocities in Chemically and Mechanically Stimulated Astrocytes
| Ca2+ wave velocity | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytosol | Nucleus | |||||||
| Mean ± SD | n | Mean ± SD | n | |||||
| μm/sec | μm/sec | |||||||
| Controls | ||||||||
| ATP | 21.6 ± 11.5 | 133 | 34.6 ± 26.7* | 27 | ||||
| Touch | 24.4 ± 10.7‡ | 129 | ||||||
| Pooled data | 22.9 ± 11.2 | 262 | ||||||
| Antimycin A1 | ||||||||
| ATP | 35.6 ± 23§, ∥ | 121 | ||||||
| Touch | 31.1 ± 10.5 ¶ , † | 66 | ||||||
| Pooled data | 34 ± 19.6 | 187 | ||||||
| Rotenone | ||||||||
| ATP | 40.4 ± 28.6§, ** , ‖ | 50 | ||||||
| Touch | 30.6 ± 12.4 ¶ , ‡‡, §§ | 35 | ||||||
| Pooled data | 36.4 ± 23.7 | 85 | ||||||
Significantly different from control cytosol, ATP stimulation (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.05).
Not significantly different from ATP stimulation (t test).
Significantly different from control cells, ATP stimulation (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.0001).
Not significantly different from control nucleus, ATP stimulation (Mann-Whitney U test).
Not significantly different from ATP stimulation (Mann-Whitney U test).
Significantly different from control cells, touch stimulation (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.0001).
Not significantly different from antimycin-treated cells, ATP stimulation (Mann-Whitney U test).
Significantly different from control cells, touch stimulation (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.01).
Not significantly different from antimycin-treated cells, touch stimulation (Mann-Whitney U test). Mitochondria were depolarized either by bath application of 2.5 μg/ml antimycin A1 and 2.5 mg/ml oligomycin, or 10 μM rotenone and 2.5 μg/ml oligomycin, before the induction of a Ca2+ wave either by 20 μM ATP or gentle touch to plasma membrane. The mean [Ca2+]cyt wave velocity in both antimycin- and rotenone-treated astrocytes was significantly higher compared to control cells (respectively; Mann-Whitney U test). The velocities are expressed in μm/s.