TABLE 3.
Maximum-Likelihood Estimates of Level and Trajectory of perceived Disability Over Five Years: Dynamic Models
| Static Covariates Model 1
|
Changing Covariates Model 2
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level of Perceived Disability | Trajectory of Perceived Disability | Level of Perceived Disability | Trajectory of Perceived Disability | |
| Total prevalent morbidity wave 1 | .06 (.02)* | .08 (.02)*** | .06 (.03)* | .07 (.02)*** |
| Total incident morbidity wave 1 to wave 4 | — | — | .01 (.01) | .01 (.01) |
| Cognitive impairment | .16 (.06)* | .12 (.04)** | .15 (.06)* | .11 (.04)** |
| Functional limitations | .10 (.03)** | .08 (.02)*** | .09 (.02)*** | .07 (.03)** |
| Change in functional limitations wave 1 to wave 4 | — | — | .06 (.01)*** | .05 (.01)*** |
| Receives home health care | .28 (.13)* | .21 (.09)* | .32 (.13)* | .25 (.09)** |
| Stopped driving in past two years | .59 (.14)*** | .41 (.09)*** | .47 (.13)*** | .31 (.09)*** |
| Health anxiety | .20 (.04)*** | .14 (.03)*** | .18 (.04)*** | .12 (.03)*** |
| Depression | .01 (.01) | .02 (.01) | .01 (.01) | .01 (.01) |
| Self-rated health compared to others | −.65 (.16)*** | −.43 (.11)*** | −.60 (.15)*** | −.38 (.10)*** |
| No. of living children | −.01 (.04) | .02 (.03) | −.06 (.04) | .03 (.03) |
| Widowed | .01 (.03) | .003 (.02) | .01 (.03) | .001 (.02) |
| Satisfied with social life | −.12 (.08) | −.09 (.05) | −.17 (.08)* | −.14 (.05)** |
| Change in satisfaction with social life in previous year | — | — | −.02 (.01)* | −.03 (.01)*** |
| Frequency of having a companion to call upon | −.13 (.05)** | −.06 (.03) | −.10 (.05)* | −.03 (.03) |
| Change in frequency of having a companion to call upon in previous year | — | — | .05 (.04) | .03 (.03) |
| Age | .001 (.002) | .001 (.002) | .001 (.002) | .001 (.001) |
| Female | .19 (.08)* | .14 (.06)* | .16 (.08)* | .12 (.05)* |
| Education | .001 (.03) | .03 (.02) | −.01 (.03) | .02 (.02) |
| Income | .01 (.01) | −.03 (.01)** | .01 (.01) | −.03 (.01)** |
| Survival λ | .17 (.20) | .05 (.14) | .11 (.20) | .01 (.13) |
|
| ||||
| χ2 (df) | 164.50 (65) | 170.41 (80) | ||
| GFI | .98 | .98 | ||
| AGFI | .93 | .92 | ||
| IFI | .95 | .96 | ||
| RMSEA | .04 | .04 | ||
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01 ;
***
p < .001
Notes: Effective N = 382. GFI = goodness-of-fit index. AGFI = adjusted goodness-of fit index. IFI = incremental fit index. RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation.