Skip to main content
PMC home page
The Journal of Experimental Medicine logoLink to The Journal of Experimental Medicine
. 1961 Sep 1;114(3):327–342. doi: 10.1084/jem.114.3.327

STUDIES ON INFECTION AND IMMUNITY IN EXPERIMENTAL TYPHOID FEVER

III. EFFECT OF PROPHYLACTIC IMMUNIZATION

Sidney Gaines 1, Maurice Landy 1, Geoffrey Edsall 1, Adrian D Mandel 1, R-J Trapani 1, A S Benenson 1
PMCID: PMC2137464  PMID: 13702952

Abstract

A study was made of the efficacy of various antityphoid immunizing agents in immunizing chimpanzees against typhoid fever produced by feeding viable S. typhosa. It was found that both acetone-killed and heat-killed, phenol-preserved typhoid vaccines were effective in protecting against infection induced with either homologous or heterologous strains of typhoid bacilli. Purified O antigen induced no discernible protection, but some immunity was afforded by the administration of purified Vi antigen.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (873.0 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BARON L. S., FORMAL S. B., SPILMAN W. Vi phage-host interaction in Salmonella typhosa. J Bacteriol. 1955 Feb;69(2):177–183. doi: 10.1128/jb.69.2.177-183.1955. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BATSON H. C., LANDY M., ABRAMS A. A virulent isolate of Salmonella typhosa 58 (Panama carrier). Public Health Rep. 1949 May 27;64(21):671–674. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. CLARK W. R., McLAUGHLIN J., WEBSTER M. E. An aminohexuronic acid as the principal hydrolytic component of the Vi antigen. J Biol Chem. 1958 Jan;230(1):81–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. COCKBURN W. C. The early history of typhoid vaccination. J R Army Med Corps. 1955 Jul;101(3):171–185. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. COLEBROOK L. The early history of anti-typhoid inoculation. Med Press. 1951 May 9;225(19):441–441. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. EDSALL G., CARLSON M. C., FORMAL S. B., BENENSON A. S. Laboratory tests of typhoid vaccines used in a controlled field study. Bull World Health Organ. 1959;20:1017–1032. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. EDSALL G., GAINES S., LANDY M., TIGERTT W. D., SPRINZ H., TRAPANI R. J., MANDEL A. D., BENENSON A. S. Studies on infection and immunity in experimental typhoid fever. I. Typhoid fever in chimpanzees orally infected with Salmonella typhosa. J Exp Med. 1960 Jul 1;112:143–166. doi: 10.1084/jem.112.1.143. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. FELIX A., ANDERSON E. S. Bacteriophage, virulence and agglutination tests with a strain of Salmonella typhi of low virulence. J Hyg (Lond) 1951 Jun-Sep;49(2-3):349–364. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400044211. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. FELIX A. The preparation, testing and standardization of typhoid vaccine. J Hyg (Lond) 1951 Jun-Sep;49(2-3):268–297. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400044156. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Felix A. A New Type of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Vaccine. Br Med J. 1941 Mar 15;1(4184):391–395. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.4184.391. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. GAINES S., TULLY J. G., TIGERTT W. D. Studies on infection and immunity in experimental typhoid fever. II. Susceptibility of recovered animals to re-exposure. J Exp Med. 1960 Dec 1;112:1023–1036. doi: 10.1084/jem.112.6.1023. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Greenwood M., Yule G. U. The Statistics of Anti-typhoid and Anti-cholera Inoculations, and the Interpretation of such Statistics in general. Proc R Soc Med. 1915;8(SECT):113–194. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. LANDY M. Enhancement of the immunogenicity of typhoid vaccine by retention of the V1 antigen. Am J Hyg. 1953 Sep;58(2):148–164. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119596. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. LANDY M., GAINES S., SEAL J. R., WHITSIDE J. E. Antibody responses of man to three types of antityphoid immunizing agents: heat-phenol fluid vaccine, acetone-dehydrated vaccine, and isolated Vi and O antigens. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1954 Dec;44(12):1572–1579. doi: 10.2105/ajph.44.12.1572. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. LANDY M., GAINES S., SPRINZ H. Studies on intracerebral typhoid infection in mice. II. Immunological factors concerned in protection. Br J Exp Pathol. 1957 Feb;38(1):25–34. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. LANDY M., JOHNSON A. G., WEBSTER M. E., SAGIN J. F. Studies on the O antigen of Salmonella typhosa. II. Immunological properties of the purified antigen. J Immunol. 1955 Jun;74(6):466–478. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. LANDY M., LAMB E. Estimation of Vi antibody employing erythrocytes treated with purified Vi antigen. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1953 Apr;82(4):593–598. doi: 10.3181/00379727-82-20188. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. LANDY M. Studies on Vi antigen. VII. Characteristics of the immune response in the mouse. Am J Hyg. 1957 Jan;65(1):81–93. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119858. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Luippold G. F. Typhoid Vaccine Studies X-The Suitability of Vi Antigen as an Auxiliary Immunogen for Typhoid Vaccine. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1946 Jan;36(1):15–25. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. MARMION D. E., NAYLOR G. R., STEWART I. O. Second attacks of typhoid fever. J Hyg (Lond) 1953 Jun;51(2):260–267. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400015680. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. MILLER W. S., CLARK D. L., DIERKHISING O. C. A laboratory comparison of United States and British army typhoid-paratyphoid vaccine. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1951 Sep;31(5):535–551. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1951.s1-31.535. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. WEBSTER M. E., CLARK W. R., FREEMAN M. E. Evidence for an aminohexuronic acid as hydrolytic product of Vi antigen. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1954 May;50(1):223–224. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(54)90028-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. WEBSTER M. E., LANDY M., FREEMAN M. E. Studies on Vi antigen. II. Purification of Vi antigen from Escherichia coli 5395/38. J Immunol. 1952 Aug;69(2):135–142. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. WEBSTER M. E., SAGIN J. F., LANDY M., JOHNSON A. G. Studies on the O antigen of Salmonella typhosa. I. Purification of the antigen. J Immunol. 1955 Jun;74(6):455–465. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Experimental Medicine are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES