Effect of exercise on muscles. (A) LacZ and NADH activity present on frozen sections of soleus and EDL from 5-mo-old Des +/− and Des −/− mice. Control, non-exercised mice; Exercise, 5 d of exercise. Recovery, exercise plus 5 d recovery. Note the strong expression of β-galactosidase (X-gal), NADH in the soleus (Sol) and EDL of exercise mice. (B) Frozen sections of the gastrocnemius muscles of Des−/− mice (Gas −/−) after 7 and 21 d of regeneration after injection of cardiotoxin. Sections were stained either for β-galactosidase activity (X-gal) or neonatal MHC expression (NN-MHC). (C) Number of central nucleated fibers presented in the soleus and EDL in mice of different ages (1–9 mo) and in the same mice as in A. C, non- exercised mice; E, 5 d of exercise; R, exercise plus 5 d recovery. Note the increase in the number of the central nuclei in different muscles both with age and exercise. (D) Muscular endurance after exercises was analyzed on same group of mice. Des +/+ (white) and Des −/− (black). After 5 d of training, muscular endurance increased in the control group. This was transitory since when the animals were allowed to recuperate for 5 d, muscular endurance returned to the same value as before training. In contrast, in Des −/− mice there was no increase of endurance with exercise. Bars: (A and B) 100 μm.