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. 1997 Nov 17;139(4):1033–1046. doi: 10.1083/jcb.139.4.1033

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Coexpression of α-catenin diminishes the dorsalizing effects of Xwnt-8 and β-catenin. (A) Noninjected normal tadpoles. (B) Embryos expressing GFP + GFPαNcat. (C) Embryos expressing Xwnt-8 + GFP. (D) Xwnt-8 + GFPαNcat. (E) β-catenin + GFPαNcatCterm. (F) β-catenin + GFPαNcat. Embryos coexpressing α-catenin with Xwnt-8 develop longer trunks and are less dorsalized than embryos coexpressing GFP. Embryos ventrally expressing GFPαNcat + GFP develop normally (B). GFPαNcat antagonizes the induction of a secondary dorsoanterior axis by β-catenin (F). In B–D, embryos were coinjected with 0.125 ng of the first mRNA and 3 ng of the second. In E and F, 0.2 ng of β-catenin mRNA was coinjected with 3.0 ng of the αN-catenin constructs. One ventral blastomere was injected in each four-cell embryo. 1-mm glass beads hold the embryos upright.