Table 4.
Means and Multivariate, Univariate, and Contrast Results for Three Planned Comparisons on Parent-Rated Parent Involvement Scores
| Means for the Groups
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subscale | White (n = 202) | Black (n = 98) | Hispanic-English (n = 87) | Hispanic-Spanish (n = 60) |
| Positive Perceptions | 4.24 (0.751) | 4.28 (0.639) | 4.15 (0.719) | 4.04 (0.574) |
| Communication | 2.67 (0.563) | 2.85 (0.803) | 2.60 (0.584) | 2.42 (0.759) |
| Shared Responsibility | 4.47 (0.389) | 4.47 (0.469) | 4.32 (0.504) | 4.00 (0.597) |
| School-Based Involvement | 2.27 (0.452) | 2.32 (0.603) | 2.23 (0.544) | 2.20 (0.597) |
|
| ||||
| df | M | F | p | |
|
| ||||
| Multivariate testa | 12/1320 | — | 3.107 | .000 |
| Univariate tests | ||||
| Positive Perceptions | 3/441 | 0.488 | 0.997 | .394 |
| Communication | 3/441 | 1.934 | 4.606 | .003 |
| Shared Responsibility | 3/441 | 1.864 | 9.142 | .000 |
| School-Based Involvement | 3/441 | 1.135 | 0.489 | .690 |
|
| ||||
| Contrast Results (p Values)
|
||||
| Subscale | Nonminority vs. Minority | Black vs. Hispanic | Hispanic-English vs. Hispanic-Spanish | |
|
| ||||
| Positive Perceptions | .502 | .101 | .476 | |
| Communication | .602 | .001 | .422 | |
| Shared Responsibility | .002 | .000 | .001 | |
| School-Based Involvement | .907 | .247 | .969 | |
Note: Standard deviations are given in parentheses.
a
Pillai's trace test was applied.