Table 1.

A comparison of the mean item scores for the NDI (SD where available) [11, 13, 22]

Study NDI item	Present study (n = 160)	Vernon and Mior *(n = 44)	Hoving et al.**(n = 71)	Hains et al. ***(n = 237)
1. Pain intensity	2.2 (1.0)	1.7	2.7 (1.0)	1.8 (1.2)
2. Personal care	1.4 (1.2)	0.75	0.7 (0.8)	0.6 (0.9)
3. Lifting	2.9 (1.5)	2.2	2.5 (1.4)	2.1 (1.6)
4. Reading	2.3 (1.2)	2.1	2.3 (1.3)	2.0 (1.3)
5. Headaches	2.0 (1.7)	2.6	2.1 (1.5)	2.2 (1.5)
6. Concentration	1.3 (1.2)	1.1	1.4 (1.1)	1.3 (1.2)
7. Work	2.6 (1.4)	1.5	2.2 (1.3)	1.6 (1.6)
8. Driving	2.6 (1.6)	2.0	2.0 (1.3)	2.0 (1.3)
9. Sleeping	2.6 (1.4)	1.4	2.0 (1.5)	1.9 (1.4)
10. Recreation	3.0 (1.5)	2.2	2.5 (1.4)	2.1 (1.5)

*Physiotherapy Out Patient Department, **patients with whiplash associated disorders, ***Chiropractic Out Patient Department