. 1998 Aug 18;95(17):9724–9731. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.17.9724

Table 2.

Means and standard deviations (SD) of the Pangloss value (v_P), Nash high value (v_H), Nash low value (v_L), gains from cooperation (g_H and g_L), and frequencies of advantages to cooperation, in simulated two-person games with random payoffs independently distributed according to the uniform, exponential, normal, and lognormal distributions

m	ν_P		v_H		v_L		g_H	g_L	Frequency ν_P > v_H	SD of frequency	Frequency ν_P > v_L	SD of frequency
m	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	g_H	g_L	Frequency ν_P > v_H	SD of frequency	Frequency ν_P > v_L	SD of frequency
	Uniform random elements
2	1.4157	0.0284	1.3122	0.0342	1.2398	0.0359	1.3318	1.7339	0.36	0.0480	0.50	0.0500
3	1.5907	0.0199	1.4449	0.0298	1.2970	0.0286	1.3277	1.9884	0.55	0.0497	0.77	0.0421
4	1.7056	0.0148	1.5828	0.0262	1.3279	0.0269	1.2107	2.1520	0.47	0.0499	0.84	0.0367
5	1.7384	0.0130	1.5813	0.0245	1.2922	0.0258	1.2703	2.5273	0.63	0.0483	0.92	0.0271
6	1.8118	0.0098	1.6977	0.0192	1.3148	0.0247	1.1636	2.5791	0.55	0.0497	0.90	0.0300
7	1.8202	0.0094	1.6810	0.0205	1.2892	0.0219	1.2046	2.8366	0.64	0.0480	0.98	0.0140
8	1.8319	0.0088	1.7138	0.0174	1.2739	0.0199	1.1654	3.0367	0.59	0.0492	0.98	0.0140
10	1.8823	0.0066	1.7725	0.0176	1.2199	0.0172	1.1421	4.0125	0.60	0.0490	0.98	0.0140
	Exponential random elements
2	3.4815	0.1411	2.8728	0.1618	2.5108	0.1507	1.6974	2.9002	0.48	0.05	0.65	0.0477
3	4.7606	0.1677	3.8955	0.1855	3.0581	0.1689	1.4564	2.6091	0.50	0.05	0.72	0.0449
4	4.9592	0.1407	3.7552	0.1705	3.0805	0.1635	1.6859	2.7387	0.61	0.0488	0.79	0.0407
5	5.9810	0.1700	4.4791	0.1953	3.1167	0.1402	1.6058	3.5650	0.63	0.0483	0.87	0.0336
6	5.8790	0.1225	4.3161	0.1577	3.0923	0.1501	1.6748	3.5514	0.73	0.0444	0.94	0.0237
7	6.4515	0.1321	4.7634	0.1978	2.9706	0.1177	1.6109	4.5863	0.67	0.0470	0.95	0.0218
8	6.9736	0.1598	5.2178	0.1906	2.9158	0.1196	1.5457	5.4306	0.79	0.0407	0.98	0.0140
10	7.2419	0.1339	5.5513	0.1757	2.7568	0.0965	1.4761	6.9264	0.71	0.0454	0.98	0.0140
	Normal random elements
2	1.5460	0.0990	1.0982	0.1328	0.9580	0.1306	1.4078	1.6138	0.44	0.0496	0.53	0.0499
3	2.1637	0.0875	1.6321	0.1144	0.9772	0.1128	1.3257	2.2142	0.46	0.0498	0.72	0.0449
4	2.4020	0.0785	1.8329	0.1044	1.1692	0.1096	1.3105	2.0543	0.58	0.0494	0.82	0.0384
5	2.7643	0.0747	2.2084	0.1143	1.0749	0.1055	1.2517	2.5717	0.51	0.0500	0.85	0.0357
6	3.0859	0.0705	2.2795	0.1112	0.9262	0.0784	1.3538	3.3319	0.64	0.0480	0.95	0.0218
7	3.2937	0.0635	2.6162	0.1093	0.8942	0.0789	1.2589	3.6832	0.59	0.0492	0.98	0.0140
8	3.5375	0.0562	2.8731	0.1012	0.9247	0.0713	1.2312	3.8256	0.65	0.0477	1	0
10	3.6397	0.0667	2.8989	0.1110	0.6496	0.0574	1.2556	5.6031	0.66	0.0474	0.99	0.0099
	Lognormal random elements
2	5.7816	0.2759	4.7429	0.2839	4.2310	0.2557	1.7186	2.6609	0.38	0.0485	0.51	0.0500
3	7.9461	0.3982	5.9691	0.4053	4.9034	0.3698	1.7400	2.8946	0.58	0.0494	0.74	0.0439
4	12.1749	0.6061	7.3961	0.5582	4.9426	0.3738	2.1660	5.3960	0.71	0.0454	0.90	0.0300
5	13.6882	0.6132	7.7887	0.5528	4.5540	0.2558	2.3135	8.2694	0.73	0.0444	0.95	0.0218
6	15.2887	0.8331	9.1590	0.6870	5.0921	0.3389	2.0458	6.6815	0.73	0.0444	0.94	0.0237
7	16.1433	0.8001	8.6974	0.6402	5.0961	0.3438	2.3789	7.1421	0.80	0.0400	0.96	0.0196
8	16.6446	0.8053	10.1846	0.6489	4.9593	0.2922	1.9380	8.0315	0.74	0.0439	0.96	0.0196
10	19.4218	0.8089	11.2659	0.7444	5.6061	0.6422	2.0235	6.9842	0.79	0.0407	0.94	0.0237