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. 1997 Nov 3;139(3):575–578. doi: 10.1083/jcb.139.3.575

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Oncogenes and signaling pathways. (A) General scheme for convergence of integrin and growth factor–dependent pathways in which both are required for activation of gene expression and cell growth. (B) Constitutive activation is indicated by the boldface arrow. Activation of a step on the integrin arm of a pathway should lead to anchorage-independent growth, as illustrated by the behavior of Rho, Bcr-Abl, and ILK. Activation of a step on the growth factor receptor arm of the pathway should lead to serum independence. Activation of a step after convergence should induce both anchorage- and serum-independent growth.