Table III.
Effect of Various Retinoids on Apoptosis of WT and Mutant F9 Cells
| WT and mutant F9 cells | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | WT | RXRα−/− | RARα−/− | RXRα−/− RARα−/− | RARγ−/− | RXRα−/− RARγ−/− | ||||||
| Ethanol | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | ||||||
| 1 μM tRA | ++ | ± | ++ | ± | + | (−) | ||||||
| 1 μM panRXR agonist | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | ||||||
| 100 nM RARα agonist | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | ||||||
| 500 nM RARβ agonist | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | ||||||
| 10 nM RARγ agonist | (−) | ND | (−) | ND | ND | ND | ||||||
| 100 nM RARγ agonist | + | ±* | + | ±* | (−) | (−) | ||||||
| 100 nM panRAR agonist | + | ±* | + | ±* | ± | (−) | ||||||
| 100 nM RARα + 1 μM panRXR agonists | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | ± | (−) | ||||||
| 500 nM RARβ + 1 μM panRXR agonists | (−) | (−) | (−) | (−) | ± | (−) | ||||||
| 10 nM RARγ + 1 μM panRXR agonists | ± | (−) | + | (−) | ND | ND | ||||||
| 100 nM RARγ + 1 μM panRXR agonists | ++ | ± | ++ | ± | (−) | (−) | ||||||
| 100 nM panRAR + 1 μM panRXR agonists | ++ | ± | ++ | ± | + | (−) | ||||||
WT and mutant F9 cells were treated for 6 d in monolayer culture with the indicated retinoids, and their apoptosis was scored according to the proportion of apoptotic nuclei and subcellular fragments upon staining of fixed cells with Hoechst 33258, as shown in Fig. 6. ++, >10% ; +, 1–10%; ±, <1%; (−), no visible effect; asterisks, less than that in combination with 1 μM panRXR agonist; ND, not determined. RARα, RARβ, RARγ, and panRXR agonists were as in Table I. The panRAR agonist was AM80.