Fig. 3.

hBD-3 induces phosphorylation of IRAK-1 in purified monocytes. Purified monocytes (2 × 10⁶ cells per milliliter; ≈90% pure) were cultured in medium alone or in medium supplemented with hBD-3 (20 μg/ml), LPS (20 ng/ml), or IFN-α (1,000 units/ml) for 30 min. Cells lysates were assessed for phosphorylated IRAK-1 by Western blot. Actin was measured as a loading control. Results are representative of three additional experiments.