TCR modification and function. A, schematic representation of the cysteine-modified TCR chains. The numbers indicate amino acid position according to the Immunogenetics database (18). EX, extracellular region; TM, transmembrane region; CY, cytoplasmic regions. Hα or Hβ, sequence of the wild-type TCR constant region; Hα-Cys or Hβ-Cys show where the cysteine residue was inserted. B, human PBLs were electroporated with 1G4 or 1G4-Cys and cocultured with HLA-A2+/NY-ESO-1+ cell lines (A375, 397/A2, 624.38, 1359/A2, and 1300) and with the control cell lines 526 (HLA-A2+/NY-ESO-1−) and 1359 (HLA-A2−/NY-ESO-1+). Twenty-four hours after the beginning of the coculture, the concentration of cytokine secreted in the medium (IFN-γ), normalized to the amount of mRNA used, was measured using an ELISA procedure. The difference between 1G4 and 1G4-Cys, based on seven independent experiments, was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.01).