Table I.

Summary of Results on the Function of Proteins Involved in Connections between Microtubules and the Cell Cortex

Protein		Location during mitosis		Synthetic lethal with dynein		Loss of function causes a defect in these processes
						Astral microtubule orientation into the bud		Kar9p localization		Movement of pre-anaphase spindle to neck		Pre-anaphase spindle orientation along mother-bud axis		Movement of anaphase spindle into neck		Microtubule orientation and nuclear movement in shmoos
Bni1p		Cap at bud tip1		Yes2,3		No* 2		Yes2		Yes3		Yes3		No3		Yes2
Bud6p		Cap at bud tip4		Mild2		Not tested		Yes2		Not tested		Yes3		Not tested		Yes2
Actin		Cortical patches,		Not tested		Not tested		Yes2		Not tested		Yes3		No3		Not tested
		cytoplasmic cables
Kar9p		Spot at bud tip6		Yes6		Yes6		NA		Yes2		Not tested		Yes‡2,6		Yes6
Kip3p		Microtubules,		Yes7–9		Yes8		No2		Yes7		Yes7		No7		Not tested§
		astral and spindle7,8
Dynein		Uncertain		NA		No8		No2		No10		Yes7		Yes10		No6

^* Astral microtubules from both spindle pole bodies occasionally enter the bud in bni1 mutants (K. Bloom et al., personal communication).  

^‡ Tested in fixed populations of asynchronous cells.  

^§ Bilateral karyogamy assays of kip3 mutants were normal, suggesting that microtubule orientation and nuclear migration may be normal as well (Miller et al., 1998). ¹  Evangelista et al., 1997 ²  Miller et al., 1999 ³  Lee et al., 1999 ⁴  Amberg et al., 1997 ⁵ This paper and unpublished results ⁶  Miller and Rose, 1998 ⁷  DeZwaan et al., 1997 ⁸  Miller et al., 1998 ⁹  Cottingham and Hoyt, 1997 ¹⁰  Yeh et al., 1995