Fig. 4.

The Treg-mediated induction of AAM characteristics is only partially cytokine-dependent. Cocultures of monocytes and T cells were set up as described in the legend to Fig. 1 (no T, black bars; CD25⁻, white bars; CD25⁺, hatched bars), in the presence of isotype control mAbs or neutralizing mAbs to IL-10, IL-4/IL-13, or IL-10/IL-4/IL-13. The expression of cell surface markers CD206 (n = 7) and CD163 (n = 2; n = 1 for all three mAbs) was assessed by flow cytometry 40 h after start of the coculture. CCL18 (n = 3) was measured in the supernatant after 40 h of coculture by ELISA. Phagocytosis (n = 4) was measured 18 h after addition of Zymosan-FITC after 40 h of coculture. The average ± SEM is shown for the three different culture conditions.