Fig. 2.

Percentage of change in the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR, nuclear diameter/cell diameter) and redox ratio between the top and bottom plane of the cellular epithelium within an animal, calculated from the multiphoton redox images. The mean and 95% confidence interval were calculated for animals diagnosed as normal (n = 36 bottom/top cell pairs), low-grade precancer (n = 42 bottom/top cell pairs), and high-grade precancer (n = 33 bottom/top cell pairs). Paired Wilcoxon tests revealed a significant increase in NCR and decrease in redox ratio for basal cells compared with superficial cells in normal tissue (*, P < 0.05) but no change with depth in precancerous tissues (P > 0.05).