Table 3.
Studies of the impact of lithium on both hyperlocomotion and other measures of hyperactivity (hole pokes, activity wheel turns) induced by stimulants.
| Species, strain | Lithium | Experimental design | Effect on hyperactivity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rat, Hooded | Li i.p. | CDP and d-AMP i.p.. Y-shaped maze | Decreased by acute, not chronic Li | (Cox et al., 1971) |
| Rat, Porton | Li i.p. | d-AMP and CDP i.p.. Hole-pokes and OFT | Decreased hole pokes; no effect on HyL | (U’Prichard and Steinberg, 1972) |
| Mouse, Rat, Porton | Li i.p. | d-AMP and CDP i.p.. Hole-pokes, Y-shaped maze, and OFT | Decreases hole-pokes, maybe HyL | (Davies et al., 1974) |
| Rat, SD | Li i.p. | d-AMP, i.p.. Activity wheel | Decreased HyA | (Flemenbaum, 1975) |
| Rat, W; Mouse, BALB/c | Li i.p. | d-amp s.c. OFT | Decreased HyL | (Wielosz, 1976) |
| Rat, SD | Li s.c. | d-AMP, l-AMP, m-AMP, APO, or COC, all i.p.; Activity wheel | Decreased HyA | (Flemenbaum, 1977) |
| Mouse, NMRI | Li i.p. | d-AMP, i.p.. HyL in OFT | Decreased HyL | (Berggren et al., 1978) |
| Mouse, Swiss | Li i.p. | d-AMP i.p. OFT | Li attenuates d-AMP-induced HyL | (Borison et al., 1978) |
| Rat, SAB | Li chow | d-AMP, i.p. Activity wheel | No attenuation of HyA | (Ebstein et al., 1980) |
| Rat, SD | Li chow | PCP or d-AMP i.p. OFT and SB | PCP-induced HyL was not affected; decreased AMP-induced HyL is concomitant with increased SB | (Fessler et al., 1982) |
| Rat, SD | Li chow | d-AMP or PCP i.p. OFT | No effect | (Fessler et al., 1982) |
| Rat, SAB | Li chow | d-AMP i.p. OFT | Decreased HyL induced by low dose | (Lerer et al., 1984) |
| Mouse, C3H, C57BL, A, BALB/c, AKR, CBA/LAC | Li chow | 2 mg/kg d-AMP i.p. OFT | Decreased HyL in C3H and A, not in C57 and BALB/c. AKR not d-AMP-responsive | (Hamburger-Bar et al., 1986) |
| Mouse, ddY | Li or CBZ i.p. | m-AMP + CDP, then OFT | Both decreased HyL | (Okada et al., 1990) |
| Mouse, NIH Rat, SD |
VPA i.p., SC, or PO | d-AMP + CDP. Head dips and Y-maze | Decreased head dips and arm entries | (Cao and Peng, 1993) |
| Rat, W | Li s.c. | m-AMP i.p. then OFT | Decreased | (Takigawa et al., 1994) |
| Mouse, ddY | Li s.c. | m-AMP i.p. then OFT | Decreased | (Namima et al., 1999) |
| Mouse, C57BL/6nCrlBR and C3H/HenCrlBR | Li i.p. | d-AMP i.p. then OFT | Decreased HyL in C57BL/6nCrlBr mice. C3H/HenCrlBR were unresponsive to d-AMP | (Gould et al., 2001) |
| Mouse, CD-1 | VPA, CBZ, or LMG, p.o. | d-AMP + CDZ i.p. then OFT | VPA, CBZ decreased HyL. No effect of LMG |
(Arban et al., 2005) |
| Mouse, 12 strains | Li i.p. | d-AMP i.p. then OFT | Decreased HyL in C57BL/6J, C57BL/6Tac, Black Swiss, CBA/J; no change in CD-1, DBA, 129, FVB, SWR, or NIH Swiss | (Gould et al., 2006) |
| Mouse, C57BL/6J | Li i.p. | d-AMP i.p., then OFT | Decreased | (Gould et al., 2007) |
Abbreviations: APO: apomorphine; CBZ: carbamazepine; CDP: chlordiazepoxide; COC: cocaine; d-AMP: dexamphetamine; HyA: hyperactivity (other than locomotion); HyL: hyperlocomotion; l-AMP: levoamphetamine; Li: lithium; LOCO: locomotion; LMG: lamotrigine; i.p.: intraperitoneally; OFT: open field test; PCP: phencyclidine; p.o.: orally; SAB: Sabra; s.c.: subcutaneously; SD: Sprague-Dawley; VPA: valproic acid; W: Wistar.
Column “Lithium” is administration route of lithium or alternate mood stabilizer, if noted.