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Inhibition of LPS bioactivity by mPE. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 100 ng/ml E. coli LPS in the presence of 0, 1.9, or 9.5 mM mPE or 7 nM polymyxin B (PmxB) for 6 h at 37°C. Controls were 9.5 nM mPE or 7 nM polymyxin B alone (no LPS). TNF-α (TNF-a) levels were quantified by ELISA as described in Materials and Methods. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Error bars equal 1 standard error; asterisks indicate statistical significance as measured by a t test (P < 0.0001).
