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. 2006 Jun;127(6):737–748. doi: 10.1085/jgp.200609497

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Copyright © 2006, The Rockefeller University Press

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Figure 6. — Model for anion-based signal amplification in OSN cilia. Odorants bind to receptor proteins in the ciliary membrane (R). This leads to the synthesis of cAMP through activation of adenylyl cyclase type III (AC) and to opening of Ca-permeable, cAMP-gated transduction channels, which conduct a small primary receptor current. The inflowing Ca induces an excitatory Cl current by opening Ca-CaM–activated Cl channels. This amplifies the primary receptor current about 10-fold because Cl channels outnumber cAMP-gated channels by a factor of eight. Ca also triggers inhibitory processes (dashed lines), including the feedback inhibition of the cAMP-gated channels, the activation of PDE by Ca-CaM, and the inhibition of AC III through phosphorylation by the CaM-dependent protein kinase CaMK II. CaM thus controls the molecular events that generate and terminate the olfactory receptor current.