Effect of viability selection against r− mutations on frequency of the r+ allele. Mr = 10−8, C = 0.1, X = 0, Mab = 0, no viability selection on a or b. ○, Sr = 0; •, Sr = 0.1; □, Sr = 0.2; ▪, S4 = 0.4. (A) Wr++ = Wr+− = 1, Wr−− = 1 − Sr; (B) Wr++ = 1, Wr+− = 1 − 0.5Sr, Wr−− = 1 − Sr.