TABLE 1—
Characteristics of Female Trafficking Survivors (n = 192): Europe, 2004–2005
| No. (%) | |
| Country where interviewed | |
| Moldova | 75 (39.1) |
| Ukraine | 49 (25.5) |
| Italy | 26 (13.5) |
| United Kingdom | 18 (9.4) |
| Bulgaria | 16 (8.3) |
| Czech Republic | 5 (2.6) |
| Belgium | 3 (1.6) |
| Country of origin | |
| Moldova | 72 (37.5) |
| Ukraine | 50 (26.0) |
| Other Europeana | 50 (26.0) |
| West African, Caribbeanb | 12 (6.3) |
| No data | 8 (4.2) |
| Age, y | |
| 15–17 | 23 (12.0) |
| 18–20 | 41 (21.3) |
| 21–25 | 80 (41.7) |
| 26–45 | 47 (24.5) |
| No data | 1 (0.5) |
| Marital status before trafficking | |
| Single | 135 (70.3) |
| Married/living as married | 22 (11.5) |
| Separated/divorced | 33 (17.2) |
| Widowed | 1 (0.5) |
| No data | 1 (0.5) |
| Maternal status | |
| Children | 73 (38.0) |
| No children | 118 (61.5) |
| No data | 1 (0.5) |
| Time spent in trafficking situation | |
| 1 day to 3 mo | 64 (33.2) |
| 3.1–6 mo | 37 (19.3) |
| 6.1 mo to 1 y | 38 (19.8) |
| > 1 y | 36 (18.8) |
| No data | 17 (8.9) |
| Violence experienced before traffickingc,d | |
| Any physical abuse | 94 (48.9) |
| Any sexual abuse | 59 (30.7) |
| Physical and sexual abuse | 40 (20.8) |
| Physical or sexual abuse | 113 (58.9) |
| None | 79 (41.1) |
| Violence experienced during traffickingc,e | |
| Any physical abuse | 145 (75.5) |
| Any sexual abuse | 172 (89.6) |
| Physical and sexual abuse | 135 (70.3) |
| Physical or sexual abuse | 182 (94.8) |
| None | 10 (5.2) |
| Threats experienced during trafficking | |
| Woman was threatened | 171 (89.1) |
| Woman’s family was threatened | 67 (34.9) |
| Woman and family were threatened | 62 (32.3) |
| Personal freedoms experienced during traffickingf | |
| Never | 145 (75.5) |
| Seldom | 20 (10.4) |
| Occasionally | 9 (4.7) |
| Often | 5 (2.6) |
| Always | 7 (3.7) |
| No data | 6 (3.1) |
aIncludes member states of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Romania, Russian Federation, and Slovak Republic.
bIncludes Cameroon, Nigeria, and Jamaica.
cPercentages total to greater than 100% because most women reported more than 1 form of abuse.
d To measure physical abuse experienced before being trafficked, participants were asked, “Before you left home, did any of the following people ever physically hurt you when you were a child or an adult?” To measure forced or coerced sexual intercourse, they were asked, “Before/after you were 15 years old did any of the following people ever make you or persuade you to do something sexual when you didn’t want to?”
e To measure physical abuse experienced during trafficking, participants were asked, “Did anyone ever hit, kick, or otherwise physically hurt you? To measure forced sexual abuse, they were asked, “While you were in the trafficking situation, did anyone physically force you to have sex or do something sexual when you didn’t want to?” To measure coerced sexual abuse, they were asked, “Did you ever have sex with someone or perform some sexual act because you were afraid something bad would happen?”
f To measure restrictions of personal freedoms, women were asked, “How often were you free to do what you wanted or go where you wanted?”