Figure 1.

Suprathreshold illustrations of stimulus patterns used in the experiments. (A) All 17 Gabor elements forming an E pattern share the same orientation. (B) In the stimulus condition of mixed orientations, there are both horizontal and vertical elements in a pattern. (C) An E pattern when the sampling rate is 80%, and all Gabor elements are vertical. (D) Sampling rate is 80%, and the elements are both horizontal and vertical. (E) An E pattern where the center-to-center distance between the Gabor elements is 6 σ (A–D have a center-to-center distance of 3 σ). The elements in this experiment were the same size as in A–D. They were photographically reduced in size.