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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Dec 28.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Genet. 2007;41:331–368. doi: 10.1146/annurev.genet.40.110405.090448

Table 2.

Transposase-derived genes and their functions

Related TE Superfamily/subgroup Gene ID Full name Original Species/Distribution Functions and activities Protein domains derived from Tpase Other domains fused Reference
Tc1/mariner/pogo CENP-B Centromere protein B H. sapiens/Mammals centromeric chromatin assembly, binds CENP-B box in alphoid satellite DBD (CENPB) + core 148b
Tc1/mariner/pogo JRK Jerky H. sapiens/Mammals probable translational regulator in neurons (mutant mouse epileptic), DNA- and RNA-binding activity DBD (CENPB) + core 124b
Tc1/mariner/pogo JRKL Jerky-like H. sapiens/Mammals unknown DBD (CENPB) + core a
Tc1/mariner/pogo TIGD1 Tigger transposable element derived 1 H. sapiens/Primates? unknown DBD (CENPB) + core a
Tc1/mariner/pogo TIGD2, 3, 5–7 Tigger transposable element derived 2, 3, 5–7 H. sapiens/Mammals unknown DBD (CENPB) + core a
Tc1/mariner/pogo TIGD4 Tigger transposable element derived 4 H. sapiens/Amniotes unknown DBD (CENPB) + core a
Tc1/mariner/Tc2 POGK pogo transposable element with KRAB domain H. sapiens/Mammals KRAB domain typically functions in transcriptional repression DBD (CENPB) + core KRAB a
Tc1/mariner/Tc2 POGZ pogo transposable element with ZNF domain H. sapiens/Vertebrates unknown DBD (CENPB) + core ZnF a
Tc1/mariner/mariner SETMAR SET domain and mariner transposase fusion gene H. sapiens/Anthropoid Primates binds DNA specifically, methylates histone H3 at K36 and faciltates DSB repair DBD (HTH) + core SET 113, 33
Tc1/mariner/pogo rib ribbon D. melanogaster promotes epithelial cell migration and morphogenesis DBD (HTH_psq) BTB 172b
Tc1/mariner/pogo pfk piefke D. melanogaster binds polytene chromosome, nuclear protein present in larval salivary glands and ovaries DBD (HTH_psq x3) BTB 172c
Tc1/mariner/pogo psq pipsqueak D. melanogaster developmental regulator with pleiotropic functions during oogenesis, embryonic pattern formation, and adult development, binds GAGAG consensus motif, involved in formation of repressive chromatin DBD (HTH_psq x4) BTB 172c
Tc1/mariner/pogo bab1 bric-a-brac1 D. melanogaster homeotic and morphogenetic regulator in development of ovaries, appendages and abdomen, binds to A/T-rich regions with TA or TAA repeats DBD (HTH_psq) BTB 125b
Tc1/mariner/pogo bab2 bric-a-brac2 D. melanogaster synergistic, distinct and redundant functions with Bab1 during imaginal development DBD (HTH_psq) BTB 125b
Tc1/mariner/pogo BtbVII BTB-protein-VII D. melanogaster unknown DBD (HTH_psq) BTB 172c
Tc1/mariner/pogo Eip93F Drosophila cell death protein E93 D. melanogaster directs steroid-triggered programmed cell death DBD (HTH_psq) 172c
Tc1/mariner/pogo Abp1 (ars)-binding protein 1 S. pombe/Schizosaccharomycetale chromosome segregation and centromeric heterochromatin assembly, binds outer repeat of centromere, also required for efficient DNA replication through interaction with Cdc23 DBD (CENPB) + core 142b, 124c
Tc1/mariner/pogo Cbh1 CENP-B homolog 1 S. pombe/Schizosaccharomycetale chromosome segregation and centromeric heterochromatin assembly, binds outer repeat of centromere DBD (CENPB) + core 142b
Tc1/mariner/pogo Cbh2 CENP-B homolog 2 S. pombe/Schizosaccharomycetale chromosome segregation, binds inner core region of centromere DBD (CENPB) + core 142b
Tc1/mariner/pogo Pdc2 Pyruvate decarboxylase 2 S. cerevisiae/Saccharomycetales transcription activator of pyruvate decarboxylase and thiamin metabolism DBD (CENPB) + core 137b
piggyBac PGBD1–5 PiggyBac-derived 1–5 H. sapiens/Mammals-Primates unknown DBD? + core 170
Transib RAG1 recombination-activating gene 1 H. sapiens/Jawed vertebrates interacts with RAG2 to catalyze V(D)J recombination in immune B and T cells DBD? + core RING, NBR x2 93
Mutator/Foldback/MULE FAR1, FHY3 far-red impaired response protein 1, far-red elongated hypocotyl 3 A. thaliana/Eudicots FAR1 and FHY3 are transcriptional activators binding upstream of FHY1 gene and triggering signaling cascade for far-red light sensing DBD (WRKY) + core + SWIM 80, 115
Mutator/Foldback/MULE FRS1–11 FAR1-related sequences 1–11 A. thaliana/Angiosperms unknown DBD (WRKY) + core + SWIM 115
Mutator/Foldback/MULE MUG1 Mustang1 A. thaliana/Angiosperms unknown DBD (WRKY) + core +SWIM PB1 34
Mutator/Foldback/MULE Aft1, Rcs1, Rbf1 activator of ferrous transport 1, 2 S. cerevisiae/Saccharomycetales transcription factor involved in iron utilization and homeostasis; binds the consensus site PyPuCACCCPu and activates the expression of target genes in response to changes in iron availability DBD (WRKY) 4
hAT DREF DNA replication-related element-binding factor D. melanogaster/Drosophilidae transcription factor, positive regulator of DNA replication, cell proliferation, growth and differentiation, binds DRE motif DBD (BED) + core + hATC 74b
hAT ZBED1 (hDREF, Tramp) human homolog of DREF, Zinc finger BED domain containing protein 1 H. sapiens/Vertebrates transcription factor, positive regulator of cell proliferation and ribosomal proteins, binds hDRE motif, homodimerizes via hATC domain DBD (BED) + core + hATC 197b
hAT ZBED4 (KIAA0637) Zinc finger BED domain containing protein 4 H. sapiens/Vertebrates homodimerizes via hATc domain DBD (BED) + core + hATC 197b
hAT BEAF-32 boundary element-associated factor of 32 kDa D. melanogaster/Drosophilidae binds scs and other chromatin boundary elements and hundreds of sites on polyene chromosome, homodimerizes through C-term domain DBD (BED) + hATC? 207b
hAT/Charlie1 Buster1 (ZBED5) Zinc finger BED domain containing protein 5 H. sapiens/Mammals translational repressor modulating interferon--induced apoptosis, fused with part of eIF4G2 protein DBD (BED) + core + hATC 178b
hAT Daysleeper Daysleeper A. thaliana/Unknown essential for plant development, binds to motif upstream of Ku70 repair gene, likely transcription factor DBD (BED) + core + hATC 18b
hAT Gary Gary Grasses (Poaceae) unknown DBD? + core 141b
hAT/Charlie8 GTF2IRD2 GTF2I repeat domain containing 2 H. sapiens/Mammals fused to GTF2I domain of TFII-I transcription factor family with essential function in vertebrate development DBD (BED) + core LZ, TFII-I x2 181b
hAT (+ P element?) LIN-15B abnormal cell LINeage family member 15B C. elegans/Unknwon key developmental regulator, interacts genetically with C. elegans homolog of mammalian retinoblastoma, inhibits G1-S cell-cycle transition DBD (BED) + core +THAP 27b
hAT (+ P element?) GON-14 gonadogenesis deficient, lin15b familiy member C. elegans/Unknwon required for gonadogenesis and probably a pleiotropic transcriptional regulator of development (mutant shows gonad, vulval, growth, and cell division defects) DBD (THAP)+hAT core+hATC 27b
P element (+ hAT?) THAP0 (p52riPK) interferon-induced protein kinase-interacting protein, death-associated protein DAP4 H. sapiens/Vertebrates upstream regulator of interferon-induced translational repressor PKR by interaction and inhibition of p58IPK DBD (THAP) + hATC 178b
P element THAP1 nuclear proapoptotic factor THAP1 H. sapiens/Vertebrates nuclear proapoptotic factor, binds DNA specifically and regulates endothelial cell proliferation through modulation of pRB/E2F cell-cycle target genes DBD (THAP) 28b
P element THAP7 Thanatos-Associated Protein 7 H. sapiens/Vertebrates transcriptional repressor, binds histone H4 tail and recruits HDAC3 and NcoR to specific DNA sites, associates with template activating factor-Ibeta and inhibits H3 acetylation DBD (THAP) 126c
P element THAP2–5, 8, 10, 11 THAP-containing proteins H. sapiens/Mammals-Vertebrates unknown DBD (THAP) 28b
P element HIM-17 High Incidence of Males 7 C. elegans chromatin-associated protein required for initiation of meiotic recombination and chromosome segregation DBD (THAP x6) coiled-coil 161c
P element LIN-36 abnormal cell LINeage family member 36 C. elegans functions in vulval development as inhibitor of the G1-to-S-phase cell-cycle transition, regulates cell proliferation DBD (THAP) C2H2 10b
P element CDC-14B cell-cycle regulator tyrosine phosphatase, isoform B C. elegans cell cycle G1/S inhibitor, required for genome stability DBD (THAPx2) cdc14 28b
P element CTB-1 homolog of CtBP transcriptional corepressor C. elegans vertebrate homolog CtBP is a global transcription corepressor critical for development and oncogenesis DBD (THAP) NAD_b 28b
P element Phsa (THAP9) P element-homologous gene H. sapiens/Mammals-Amniotes unknown DBD (THAP) + core 68
P element THAP–E2F6 fusion THAP and cell-cycle transcription factor E2F6 D. rerio/Fish+Amphibians mammalian E2F6 interacts with Polycomb (PcG) group proteins and functions as a repressor of E2F-dependent transcription during S phase DBD (THAP) E2F_TDP 28b
P element P-tsa tsacasi stationary truncated P-neogene D. tsacasi unknown, but binds DNA DBD (THAP) + partial core 160b
P element P-neo G and A type obscura amplified P-neogene D. subobscura/subobscura subgroup unknown DBD (THAP) + partial core 134
P element P-neo montium montium P-neogene D. montium/montium subgroup unknown DBD (THAP) + partial core 162b
PIF/Harbinger HARBI1 (FLJ32675) Harbinger derived-gene 1 H. sapiens/Vertebrates unknown, but interacts with NAIF DBD (HTH) + core 92b,b
PIF/Harbinger NAIF1 (c9orf90) nuclear apoptosis-inducing factor 1 H. sapiens/Vertebrates unknown, but inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis when overexpressed, interacts with and mediates nuclear translocation of HARBI1 DBD (Myb/SANT) 126b
PIF/Harbinger DPLG1–7 Drosophila PIF-like gene 1–7 Drosophila unknown DBD (HTH) + core 26b
PIF/Harbinger DPM7 Drosophila PIF MADF-like gene Drosophila unknown, but probable interactor of DPLG7 protein DBD (Myb/MADF) 26b
Maverick? KRBA, ZNF452 c-integrases H. sapiens/Mammals unknown RVE core KRAB/ZnF 57b,c
a

D. Hucks, C. Casola & C.F., unpubl.

b

L. Sinzelle & Z. Ivics, pers. comm.

c

R. Campbell, E.P. & C.F., unpubl.

DBD = DNA-binding domain

core = transposase catalytic core domain