FIG. 1.

Detection of CBPV in honeybee heads and feces by RT-PCR. Lanes: MW, PCR molecular weight markers (Promega); 1, feces from healthy bees (with RNA extraction); 2, virus artificially loaded into negative feces (without RNA extraction); 3, virus diluted in buffer (with RNA extraction); 4, virus artificially loaded into negative feces (with RNA extraction); 5, pool of heads from experimentally infected bees; 6, pool of feces from experimentally infected bees; 7, pool of heads from naturally infected bees; 8, pool of feces from naturally infected bees; 9, pool of heads from inapparently infected bees; 10, pool of feces from inapparently infected bees; 11, pool of heads from healthy bees; 12, pool of feces from healthy bees; 13, head from one experimentally infected bee; 14, feces from one experimentally infected bee; 15, head from one naturally infected bee; 16, feces from one naturally infected bee; 17, paper with feces from a cage of experimentally infected bees; 18, paper without feces from a cage of experimentally infected bees; 19, paper with feces from a negative-control cage (bees inoculated with water); 20, paper with feces from a colony with paralyzed bees; 21, paper without feces from a colony with paralyzed bees.