TABLE 1.

Infectivity of feces samples tested by inoculation

Origin of feces used as inoculum	Type of feces	Day p.i. of trembling symptom onseta	% Mortality (range) at day 8 p.i.	Live/dead bees pos or neg by AGID and RT-PCRb
Healthy bee feces artificially loaded with virus	Crude	5	70 (56-83)	+/+
Naturally paralyzed bees	Crude	5	100 (100-100)	ns/+
Experimentally infected bees	Crude	5	53 (53-53)	+/+
	On paper	5	76 (53-100)	+/+
Healthy bees inoculated with buffer	Crude	None	20 (20)c	−/−
	On paper	None	3.3 (3.3-3.3)	−/−

^aNone, no symptoms observed during the experiment.

^bThe AGID and RT-PCR results were 100% identical, so the results are presented in the same column. Bees were sampled at day 8 p.i. ns, no sample; pos, positive; neg, negative.

^cFor this treatment, only one experimental cage was usable.